字词 | 货币理论 |
释义 | 货币理论【英】the theory of money译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1986: 64. 定义新古典经济学家把货币理论和经济理论分为两个互不相关的部分的作法。根据新古典经济学家的观点,货币的作用在于作为商品交换的媒介,从而不会对实际经济活动产生任何影响。由此出发,经济可以划分为两个相互独立的部分:实物部分与货币部分。实物部分是经济理论研究的范围,要说明商品的供求与商品相对价格关系,以及均衡产量和均衡价格的决定。具体来说,产量取决于就业量和技术状况。就业量取决于实际工资,实际工资又取决于劳动的供求关系。货币部分是货币理论研究的范围,要研究货币数量与绝对价格的关系,以及绝对价格水平的决定问题。具体来说,绝对价格水平取决于货币量,与货币量同比例变动。经济理论可以用瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡理论体系来表示:货币理论则是货币数量论。经济理论与货币理论都是独立的,两者之间没有什么联系。凯恩斯否认了这种二分法,提出“只要我们论及何者决定社会整体的产量与就业问题,我们就需要有一个关于货币经济的完整理论。” 凯恩斯通过流动偏好理论打破了二分法,把货币理论与经济理论融为一体,说明了货币供求的变动如何影响利率,以及利率如何影响总需求与国民收入。这样,利率就成为联接货币理论与经济理论的纽带,货币理论不仅包括价格的决定,而且还包括利率的决定,经济理论所涉及的产量的决定,不但取决于就业量,而且还取决于利率(刘伟等,1994:116)。 定义来源刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 这一理论批判的始作俑者正是我们已然熟悉的那些李嘉图式的英国社会主义者,如格雷、勃雷、汤普逊、霍吉斯金等人,尤其前两人系所谓劳动货币理论的创始人,至于蒲鲁东及其追随者,不过是受格雷等人的影响罢了。—— 《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:552 1. The progenitors of this theoretical critique were the Ricardian English socialists, such as Gray, Bray, Thompson, and Hodgskin. These scholars, and especially the first two, were the founders of the theory of labor money; as for Proudhon and his followers, they simply acted under the influence of Gray and others. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 436. 2. 在这里,把争论的问题说得多么平淡。既然银行发行货币凭证(银行券)和要用金(或银)偿还的资本债券(存款),那么,不言而喻,银行对金属储备的减少只能在一定程度内听之任之,不予理会。上述论调同金属货币理论毫无关系。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷上)》,1979:67 2. Shallowness with which the controversy is here presented. When the Bank issues drafts on money (notes), and promissory notes on capital which are repayable in gold or silver (deposits), it is, self-evidently, only up a point that it can look on and tolerate the diminution of its bullion reserves without taking steps against it. This has nothing to do with the theory of metallic money. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 64. 3. 达里蒙用巧妙的裁剪手法避开了这些与他的危机理论相违背的事实。他紧紧地抓住李嘉图[关于纸币的优越性]的格言,虽然这与探讨的问题和李嘉图研究银行券贬值的小册子中的问题毫无关系。他忽略了李嘉图的货币理论及其错误的前提已经完全被推翻了。这种理论的错误前提是认为银行控制流通的银行券的数量,流通手段的数量决定价格,而实际情况正好相反,是价格决定流通手段的数量等等。在李嘉图时代,对货币流通现象还没有作任何详细的研究。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十六卷上)》,1979:67-68 3. Like a nimble tailor Darimon skips over these facts which refute his theory of crises. He clings to Ricardo’s aphorism, which had nothing to do either with the question at issue or with the subject matter of the pamphlet--the depreciation of banknotes. He ignores the fact that Ricardo’s theory of money has been totally refuted, as have been its false assumptions that the Bank controls the amount of notes in circulation, that the amount of means of circulation determines prices, whereas on the contrary prices determine the amount of means of circulation, etc. In Ricardo’s time no detailed investigations into the phenomena of money circulation were yet available. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 28), 1986: 64. 网络参考例句例句 1 : |
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