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字词 解构主义
释义

解构主义【英】

deconstructionism

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 364.
[2] 程志民,江怡.当代西方哲学新词典.吉林人民出版社,2004.via:
http://gongjushu.cnki.net/refbook/BasicSearch.aspx

定义

解构主义于20世纪60年代起源于法国,由是20世纪下半期最重要的法国思想家、哲学家之一,西方解构主义的代表人物雅克·德里达提出。19世纪末,尼采宣称“上帝死了”,并要求“重估一切价值”,他的叛逆思想从此对西方产生了深远影响并成为解构主义的思想渊源之一。另外两股启迪和滋养了解构主义的重要思想运动,分别是海德格尔的现象学以及欧洲左派批判理论。1967年,德里达从语言观念的分析入手,对西方形而上学传统思维方式进行反思,提出了解构主义理论。德里达认为,解构即是对有形而上学稳固性的结构及其中心进行消解,每一次解构都表现为结构的中断、分裂或解体,但是每一次解构的结果又都是产生新的结构(《解构》,via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=LbbTHy21c-DgHOE-sl-8YJw3-X4RSklfhdlHSLWJ1AgxVuvaBeW5BYsm4h8OuvVocIJmD04fq99_H7Vro7kT-K)。解构主义诞生之后,大力反对形而上学、逻各斯中心,乃至一切封闭僵硬的体系,积极宣扬主体消散、意义延异、能指自由。解构主义的两大基本特征分别是开放性和无终止性。解构一句话、一个命题、或一种传统信念,就是通过对其中修辞方法的分析,来破坏它所声称的哲学基础和它所依赖的等级对立(《解构主义》,via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=mgsrQa7ze8rKvzNT3M0-oowJdvicOFdKWuAwdOxmiA0pUq2uCg4BUt7S332QVsC978Nb1krhKemc8E5quS8IRK)。在当代,解构主义仍旧在哲学领域、文学领域等诸多领域中享有广泛影响,但同时,它也遭到了诸如虚无主义、寄生性太重以及过于疯狂等指责。

定义来源

[1] 解构.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=LbbTHy21c-DgHOE-sl-8YJw3-X4RSklfhdlHSLWJ1AgxVuvaBeW5BYsm4h8OuvVocIJmD04fq99_H7Vro7kT-K
[2] 解构主义.via:http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=mgsrQa7ze8rKvzNT3M0-oowJdvicOFdKWuAwdOxmiA0pUq2uCg4BUt7S332QVsC978Nb1krhKemc8E5quS8IRK

例句

1. 在这本解构的教科书中,统一性概念遭到了怀疑,所追求的反而是多样性和悖论概念。按照在这些问题上的解构主义思路,话语现象不存在任何中心,因而统一性是一种幻象:中心从来没有完整地出现过;始终部分地出现在其他地方,决不可能从它的完整性来理解它。—— 《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:21

1. In textbook deconstructive style, the concept of unity is called into question, and diversity, even paradox, pursued instead. To follow the deconstructionist line of thought on such issues, there is no centre to discursive phenomena, therefore unity is an illusion: the centre is never wholly present; always partly somewhere else; never graspable in its entirety. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 13.

2. 由于预先想到了德里达关于马克思是“复数的”(《马克思的幽灵》)的主张,我们这里提出了一个假设,即马克思主义的持续相关性取决于它不存在那种统一性,取决于它激发出多种解释的能力。对一个解构主义者而言,这不过是说出显而易见的事实:就语言符号的断裂性质而言,文本除了带来多重的解释还能够做什么呢?然而,对一个经典的马克思主义者来说,这就是追求异端邪说。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:20

2. Prefiguring Derrida’s insistence on Marx as ‘plural’ (Specters of Marx), we have here the hypothesis that Marxism’s continuing relevance depends on its very lack of unity, its capacity to inspire multiple interpretations. To a deconstructionist this is no more than stating the obvious: given the fractured nature of the linguistic sign, what else can texts do but invite multiple interpretation? To a classical Marxist, however, this is to court heresy. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 13.

3. 不过需要注意的是,并不像某些论者误认的那样,《马克思的幽灵》一书并不是德里达“从解构主义转向马克思主义”的标志。德里达从来就不是一个马克思主义者,即使是其晚年向马克思“表示敬意”的时候。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:275

3. It should be noted that Specters of Marx does not imply Derrida's conversion from deconstruction to Marxism, as is claimed by some critics. Derrida was never a Marxist, even if he “saluted” Marx in his later years. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 364.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
解构主义作为其中重要的一个思想流派,它给人们带来了思索问题的另一个角度,但由于解构主义理论的晦涩难懂,在研究过程中,人们对其持有的态度更多的是怀疑和否定,只看到了它的破坏性。——《解构主义与结构主义翻译思想的对比研究》,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2008
As one of the important ideologies of postmodernism, deconstructionism provides people with another way of thinking. However, since the theory of deconstructionism is hard to comprehend, it is often mistreated by people with the attitudes of doubts and negativity.

例句 2:
解构主义是二十世纪六十年代末起于法国盛于美国的一股颇为引人注目的后现代主义思潮。——《德里达解构主义翻译观缺陷分析》,四川外语学院硕士学位论文,2010
Deconstruction is a post-structuralism trend of thought which inaugurated in the late 1960s in France.

例句 3:
解构主义作为兴起于二十世纪下半叶的批评思潮,自现身起,围绕它一直纷争不断,但它的影响却在其与反对者以及其内部成员之间的种种争辩中不断扩大。——《德里达解构主义阅读观研究》,吉林大学博士学位论文,2013
Deconstruction has involved itself in constant disputes since its occurrence in the latter half of 20th century. However, its influence has also been extended in both the disputes between deconstructionists and those against it and even the disputes within deconstructionists.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:08:43