字词 | 自然分工 |
释义 | 自然分工【英】natural division of labour译文来源Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 339. 定义按性别和年龄的差别进行的分工,是纯粹生理性的分工。出现于原始氏族社会内部。当时男子主要负责打猎、捕鱼、作战,制作为此所必需的工具。妇女管理家务、制造食物、衣服等。每个人的生存依赖于氏族共同体,个人劳动通过氏族共同体的媒介来实现,不具有独立性。这种分工是人类劳动分工的起点,由生产力水平极端低下所决定的。自然分工在原始社会曾有利于生产率的提高,但不能在更大的范围内和多样化的劳动中实行,因而随着生产力的发展逐渐失去意义。它在近代一些农民和手工业者家庭中依然存在。(金炳华,2003:309)自然分工有两种表现形式:一是按性别和年龄的差别所形成的生理分工。在原始社会氏族部落共同体内部,氏族成员之间就是按性别和年龄实行自然分工。例如成年男子从事狩猎、捕鱼、建筑房屋、制造工具等;老人和孩子们则帮助制造工具或料理家务。二是氏族部落共同体之间,在地域资源的差异及自然产品差异性基础上形成的分工,即自然地域分工。这是因为各个氏族部落共同体之间,所处的地域不同,劳动对象、劳动资料及其劳动产品也不尽相同的结果。(自然分工.via: 定义来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 在马克思的理解中,“分工起初只是性行为方面的分工,后来是由于:天賦(例如体力)、需要、偶然性等等而自发地或‘自然形成’分工。分工只是从物质劳动和精神劳动分离的时候才真正成为分工”。前者是自然分工,后者是社会分工的一个主要方面。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:436 1. In Marx’s understanding, the division of labor “was originally nothing but the division of labor in the sexual act, then that division of labor which develops spontaneously or ‘naturally’ by virtue of natural predisposition (e.g. physical strength), needs, accidents, etc. Division of labor only becomes truly such from the moment when a division of material and mental labour appears.” The former is natural division of labor, while the latter is a major aspect of social division of labor. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 339. 2. 由此,马克思凭借当时有限的经济学和历史知识,提出了三种前资产阶级社会所有制形式:一是“部落所有制”。这是与生产的不发达阶段相适应的最早的自然分工之上的所有制,也是马克思前面曾经提到的那种家庭中的性别分工在社会中的扩大,即从家庭奴隶制走向奴隶社会的对抗性所有制。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:441-442 2. Thus Marx relies on the limited economic and historical knowledge of the time to suggest three forms of bourgeois ownership, of which the first is “tribal ownership.” This is the earliest form of ownership based on natural division of labor that corresponds to the undeveloped stage of production. It is also an extension to broader society of what Marx proposed earlier was the division of labor between the sexes in the family, i.e., the ownership that moved from family slavery to social slavery. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 339. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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