字词 | 级差地租 |
释义 | 级差地租【英】differential rent译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998:752. 定义①资本主义级差地租。指耕种较优土地获得的归土地所有者占有的超额利润,体现土地所有者和农业资本家共同剥削农业工人的关系。土地有优、中、劣的差别。耕种劣等地,产量少,成本高,个别生产价格也高;耕种优等、中等地,则产量高,成本低,个别生产价格也低。如果农产品的社会生产价格取决于中等地的个别生产价格,经营劣等地的农业资本家就得不到平均利润,不再经营劣等地,农产品供应减少,价格上涨,当价格上升到劣等地的个别生产价格时,经营劣等地的资本家才肯去经营。农产品的社会生产价格是由劣等地的个别生产价格决定的,经营优等中等地的资本家都会得到超额利润。由于土地私有权而转到土地所有者手中,便成为级差地租。级差地租的源泉,是农业工人生产的剩余价值。级差地租的原因是土地经营权的垄断。级差地租形成条件是因土地等级不同形成的不同生产率。级差地租按其形成条件不同表现为两种形式。同土地肥沃程度和位置好坏相联系的称为级差地租第一形式(级差地租Ⅰ);同在土地上连续追加投资引起不同生产率相联系的称为级差地租第二形式(级差地租Ⅱ)。 定义来源彭克宏,马国泉.社会科学大词典[Z].中国国际广播出版社,1989. 例句1. 如果农业资本的平均构成等于或高于社会平均资本的构成,那末,上述意义上的绝对地租,也就是既和级差地租不同,又和以真正垄断价格为基础的地租不同的地租,就会消失。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五卷下):资本论》,1974:862. 1. If the average composition of agricultural capital were equal to, or higher than, that of the average social capital, then absolute rent —again in the sense just described — would disappear; i. e., rent which differs equally from differential rent as well as that based upon an actual monopoly price. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37): Capital, 1998: 752. 2. 我们曾假定,新耕种的土地,质量比最后耕种的最坏土地还要差。如果新耕种的土地较好,它就会提供级差地租。但是我们这里研究的情况,却正好是地租并不表现为级差地租。在这里,只可能有两种情况。新耕种的土地比最后耕种的土地差些,或者一样好。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五卷下):资本论》,1974:866. 2. We have assumed that the land newly brought under cultivation is of still inferior quality than the worst previously cultivated. If it is better, it yields a differential rent. But here we are analysing precisely the case wherein rent does not appear as a differential rent. There are only two cases possible: The newly cultivated soil is either inferior to, or just as good as the previously cultivated soil. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37): Capital, 1998: 755-756. 3. 第一,因为在级差地租上(以及在一般地租上,因为甚至在非级差地租上,也总是会出现这样的问题:一方面,土地的肥力,和另一方面,土地的位置,是否允许这块土地的耕种能按照起调节作用的市场价格提供利润和地租),两种条件发生方向相反的作用,它们时而互相抵销,时而交替地起着决定的影响。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五卷下):资本论》,1974:866-867. 3. First. Because in differential rent (or any rent in general, since even in the case of nondifferential rent the question always arises whether, on the one hand, the soil fertility in general, and, on the other hand, its location, admit of its cultivation at the regulating market price so as to yield a profit and rent) two conditions work in opposing directions, now cancelling one another, now alternately exerting the determining influence. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37): Capital, 1998: 756. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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