禅窟【英】

meditation grottoes

定义

1）又称毗诃罗石窟，源于印度，本是僧侣们坐禅修行的地方。莫高窟现存有编号的禅窟三座，近年莫高窟北区考古发掘发现一些不同形式的禅窟。2）洞窟形制之一，供僧人禅行的洞窟。此类洞窟由印度毗诃罗窟发展变化而成。敦煌莫高窟的禅窟可分为三类：第一类是主窟开龛的佛殿窟附设成组的禅窟。第二类是专为禅行的单室禅窟。第三类是多室禅窟。西千佛洞有禅窟若干，榆林窟也有禅窟痕迹。

1) They are grottoes with origin in India, also called Vihara Grottoes, basically built for monks to practice Buddhist meditation. There are still today, among the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, three meditation grottoes that are numbered and in recent years meditation grottoes of different types have been found with archaeological excavations in the northern section of the Mogao Grottoes.2) It is one shape of the grottoes, built for monks to practice Buddhist meditation. Developed from the Vihara Grottoes in India, meditation grottoes can be classified into three kinds among the Mogao Grottoes, those with niches and Buddha halls attached to the main caves, those single chambers specifically built for practicing Buddhist meditation and those that have several meditation chambers. Meditation grottoes can be found among the West Thousand Buddha Caves and there are also vestiges of them in the Yulin Grottoes.