字词 | 社会进步 |
释义 | 社会进步 【英】social progress; societal progress译文来源[1]金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:298. 定义社会进步是指社会发展中的向前的、上升的运动,是指社会从低级向高级阶段的发展。社会进步既包括社会生活中社会物质文明和精神文明的渐进发展,也包括社会形态从低级阶段向高级阶段的突变演进。列宁说:“辩证法是要我们把社会看作活动着和发展着的活的机体的”(列宁,1995:54)。马克思主义以前的进步思想家关于社会进步的思想和理论总体上是不科学的。他们或者从精神领域、从社会意识中寻找社会进步的根源和标准,或者把社会的进步看作是笔直前进、直线上升的,其间既没有质的飞跃,也没有曲折和后退。马克思、恩格斯创立的历史唯物主义,在历史上第一次揭示出了社会进步的实质和动力,对社会进步做出了科学的说明。历史唯物主义认为,人类为了生存,为了满足不断增长的物质和精神的需要,就要发展生产力。人类社会发展、进步的历史首先是生产发展、进步的历史,生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动是推动社会发展、进步的根本动力。社会进步的基本历史趋势是前进的、上升的。这特别突出地表现在社会形态由低级向高级发展的历史过程中。同时,也表现在同一社会形态内部的发展过程中。但是社会进步不是直线上升的,而是通过曲折复杂的过程和道路实现的。历史唯物主义坚持用辩证的观点看待社会进步,既看到社会历史发生的暂时的停滞和倒退,也看到社会的总的发展趋势是前进的、上升的。历史唯物主义还认为,衡量社会进步的尺度归根到底是生产方式的发展(王德胜,1990:95)。社会进步的标准是人民群众经济条件和社会政治生活条件的改善程度、生产力发展程度、科学技术的发展程度,以及人们从社会的不平等、剥削下解放的程度和群众的精神方面的发展程度,即丰富人们的知识,发展并使用人们的创造才能。其次才是地理环境、人口变化等。由于物质资料的生产方式是决定社会由一种制度过渡到另一种制度的主要力量,所以,社会由低级到高级的发展自有其不以人们主观意志为转移的规律(宋希仁,1989:582)。马克思主义认为,社会进步是一个自然历史过程,对社会进步的怀疑,否认或将社会进步主观化都是不正确的。社会内部基本矛盾的运动是社会进步的深刻根源和根本动力(张海鹰,1993:337)。 定义来源[1]列宁.列宁选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1995. 例句1. “三个代表”重要思想,是在科学判断党的历史方位的基础上提出来的。我们党历经革命、建设和改革,已经从领导人民为夺取全国政权而奋斗的党,成为领导人民掌握全国政权并长期执政的党;已经从受到外部封锁和实行计划经济条件下领导国家建设的党,成为对外开放和发展社会主义市场经济条件下领导国家建设的党。我们必须从中国和世界的历史、现状和未来着眼,准确把握时代特点和党的任务,科学制定并正确执行党的路线方针政策,认真研究和解决推动中国社会进步和加强党的建设的问题,做到既不割断历史、又不迷失方向,既不落后于时代、又不超越阶段,使我们的事业不断从胜利走向胜利。——《江泽民在党的十六大上所作的报告》 1. The important thought of Three Represents has been put forward on the basis of a scientific judgment of the Party’s historical position. Having gone through the revolution, reconstruction and reform, our Party has evolved from a party that led the people in fighting for state power to a party that has led the people in exercising the power and has long remained in power. It has developed from a party that led national reconstruction under external blockade and a planned economy to a party that is leading national development while the country is opening to the outside world and developing a socialist market economy. Keeping in mind the past, present and future of China and other parts of the world, we must accurately comprehend the characteristics of the times and the Party’s tasks, scientifically formulate and correctly implement the Party’s line, principles and policies, and study and settle questions concerning the promotion of China’s social progress and the improvement of Party building. We should neither approach questions out of their historical context nor lose our bearings, and we should neither fall behind the times nor skip the stages, so as to ensure that our cause will advance from victory to victory. -Quoted from Jiang Zemin's report at 16th Party congress. 2. 于是,批判的蒲鲁东继续毫无根据地语无伦次地大发议论:“我们关于道德规则的知识不是一开始就很充分的,因此,在一定的时间内它可能足够社会进步之用,但是到后来它就会把我们引入歧途。”批判的蒲鲁东没有解释,关于道德规则的不充分的知识为什么可能足够社会进步之用(哪怕是只在一天之内)。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷):神圣家族》,1957:31 2. The Critical Proudhon therefore continues his reasoning in the most untenable and incoherent way. “Our knowledge of moral laws is not complete from the beginning; thus it can for some time suffice for social progress, but in the long run it will lead us on a false path.” The Critical Proudhon does not give any reason why incomplete knowledge of moral laws can suffice for social progress even for a single day. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4): The Holy Family, 1975: 26. 3. 麦克库洛赫还指出,政治经济学并不致力于农业、工业这些特殊的事务和专业的研究,而只是限于研究“如何使一般劳动获得最高生产的方法,并如何在一切行业部门中增加其生产能力。”同时,他甚至提出:“一代人的艺术、科学和资本成为下一代的世袭产业,并且在他们手上予以改善和增加,使其更有力量和更有效用。”麦克库洛赫还注意到机器的发明与历史性改进的关系,“船舶替代了独木舟,毛瑟枪替代了投石器,蒸汽机替代了棍棒,纺纱机替代了捏线杆”。“他几乎近似于提出科学技术是生产力这样一个观点:科学上的发明与创造是工业生产的重要因素,科学与教育是社会进步的重要基础。我发现,麦克库洛赫的这种表述在当时的资产阶级政治经济学家中并不多见。”——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:41 3. McCulloch further explains that political economy was not concerned with specialized research into fields such as agriculture or industry, but rather confines itself to studying, “the means by which labor in general may be rendered most productive, and how its powers may be increased in all departments of industry. He also points out that “the art, science, and capital of one generation become the heritage of the next. These are improved and increased by the rising generation, giving them additional power and efficacy.” McCulloch also remarks on the relationship between mechanical inventions and historical progress, writing that inventions “give us ships for canoes, muskets for slings, steam-engines for clubs, and cotton-mills for distaffs. He came close to suggesting that science and technology are forces of production, writing that “the inventions and creations of science are important elements of industrial production and that science and education form the foundation for societal progress. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the context of Economics, 2014: 16. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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