法制【英】

the legal system

译文来源

Xi Jinping, Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 151.

定义

法制是法律和制度的总称。统治阶级以法律化、制度化的方式管理国家事务，并且严格依法办事的原则，也是统治阶级按照自己的意志通过国家权力建立的用以维护本阶级专政的法律和制度。法制是一个多层次的概念，它不仅包括法律制度，而且包括法律实施和法律监督等一系列活动和过程，是立法、执法、守法、司法和法律监督等内容的有机统一。任何国家都有法，但不一定有法制。法制在不同时期、不同国家其内容和形式不同。中国古时的“法制”，说到底只是一种“王制”。17、18世纪资产阶级启蒙思想家所倡导的“法治”，其核心思想是要依法治理国家，法律面前人人平等，反对任何组织和个人享有法律之外的特权。这种主张对于反对封建专制特权，确立和维护资产阶级民主制，起了很大作用，具有历史进步意义。但资产阶级思想家的法制思想带有明显的法律至上的色彩，实际上资本主义国家也不可能真正实行法制。为了追逐超额利润，剥削和压迫无产阶级和广大劳动群众，它们总是把合法手段和非法手段结合起来进行统治的。社会主义法制与资本主义法制不同，它是社会主义民主的制度化、法律化，并严格依法进行国家管理的一种方式。在社会主义国家，可能而且必须把社会主义民主制以法律形式确定下来，并使这种制度和法律具有稳定性、连续性和极大的权威，做到有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究，切实保证公民在法律面前一律平等，不允许任何组织和个人有凌驾于法律之上的特权。
　法治与法制有联系也有区别。联系在于：实行法治需要有完备的法律制度。区别在于：法制相对于政治制度、经济制度，法治则相对于人治；法制内涵是指法律及相关制度，法治内涵则相对于人治的治国理论、原则和方法。（法制.via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/法制）。

定义来源

法制. via: http://www.baike.com/wiki/法制

例句

1. 1978年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期，发展社会主义民主、健全社会主义法制成为党和国家坚定不移的基本方针。就是在这次会议上，邓小平同志深刻指出：“为了保障人民民主，必须加强法制。必须使民主制度化、法律化，使这种制度和法律不因领导人的改变而改变，不因领导人的看法和注意力的改变而改变，根据党的十一届三中全会确立的路线方针政策，总结我国社会主义建设正反两方面经验，深刻吸取十年“文化大革命”的沉痛教训，借鉴世界社会主义成败得失，适应我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、加强社会主义民主法制建设的新要求，我们制定了我国现行宪法。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：136

1. In 1978 the CPC convened the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, which was of great historical significance, ushering in a new historical period of reform and opening up. Developing socialist democracy and improving the socialist legal system became the unalterable basic principle of the Party and the state. It was at this meeting that Deng Xiaoping pointed out profoundly: “To ensure peopled democracy we must strengthen our legal system. Democracy has to be institutionalized and written into law, so as to make sure that institutions and laws do not change whenever the leadership changes, or whenever the leaders change their views or shift the focus of their attention.” In accordance with the guidelines, principles and policies set forth at the Third Plenary Session, we reviewed China5s positive and negative experience in building socialism, drew the hard lessons from the ten-year Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), learned from the gains and losses of world socialism, and adapted to the new requirements of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the new demands of socialist democracy and the legal system in China, whereby we promulgated the current Constitution. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 150.

2. 国家的根本制度和根本任务，国家的领导核心和指导思想，工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的国体，人民代表大会制度的政体，中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度，爱国统一战线，社会主义法制原则，民主集中制原则，尊重和保障人权原则，等等，这些宪法确立的制度和原则，我们必须长期坚持、全面贯彻、不断发展。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：138-139

2. We must uphold, implement and develop the systems and principles set forth in the Constitution, namely, the basic system and basic tasks of the state, the core leadership and theoretical guidance of the state, the state system which is a socialist state under the peopled democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and farmers, the system of peopled congresses as the system of government, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, the system of community-level self-governance, the patriotic united front, the socialist legal system, the principle of democratic centralism, and the principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 153.

3. 我们要在全社会加强宪法宣传教育，提高全体人民特别是各级领导干部和国家机关工作人员的宪法意识和法制观念，弘扬社会主义法治精神，努力培育社会主义法治文化，让宪法家喻户晓，在全社会形成学法尊法守法用法的良好氛围。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：141

3. We should enhance publicity and education about the Constitution widely in society, improve the awareness of the need to abide by the Constitution and legal system among all the people, especially among officials at all levels and government employees, carry forward the socialist rule of law, cultivate a law-based socialist culture, make the Constitution known to every household, and create a good social atmosphere of studying, observing and applying the law. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 157.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
本文基于语言学、新闻学、法学等学科理论，主要从文体学和叙事学角度研究我国法制新闻话语的结构形式与社会功能、语体特征与叙事规律，探究法制新闻话语建构与解读的内在认知机制，探索话语理论。——《法制新闻话语叙事研究》，上海外国语大学博士学位论文，2010
This dissertation based on the theories of linguistics, journalism and law analyzes the structural forms and social functions of legal news reports and discloses the cognitive mechanism of constructing and understanding legal news texts from the perspective of stylistics and narratologies with the expectation of enriching discourse researches.

例句 2：
中国新时期法制小说是指以直接或间接法制叙事为视域的小说，包括“大墙小说”、公安小说、反腐小说和涉法小说四大板块。——《中国新时期法制小说研究》，山东师范大学博士学位论文，2014
Chinese legal fiction in the new era refers to the direct or indirect narrative novels, including prison novels (“High Wall novels”), public security novels, anti-corruption novels and law-related novels.

例句 3：
随着西方学术分科体系在清末高等教育中的深化，学科意义上的中国法制史得以形成。——《20世纪上半叶中国法制史学史》，华东政法大学博士学位论文，2012
Based on the Western academic classification, Chinese legal history had come into a framework transforming from one of Four Schools Theory to the branch of Seven Schools Theory.