按劳分配【英】

distribution according to labour; to each according to his contribution

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 362.
[2] Distribution According to Labor, Law of. via: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Distribution+According+to+Labor%2c+Law+of
[3] Lane, A. For Marx [M]. The Penguin Press, 1965: 221.
[4] To each according to his contribution. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution

定义

按劳分配是指“社会主义公有制经济中以劳动为尺度分配个人消费品（在商品经济中表现为货币收入）的分配方式”（按劳分配），也作“按劳取酬”或“各取所値”。英国空想社会主义者约翰·弗兰西斯·布雷在1839年发表的《对劳动的迫害及其救治方案》一书中较早明确地提出按劳分配的概念，但这一概念并不科学。马克思在论述资本主义经济发展规律的基础上，首次科学阐明了按劳分配原则。之后，列宁继承发展了马克思按劳分配思想，详细阐述了社会主义阶段实行按劳分配消费品的必然性。斯大林坚持按劳分配原则，在苏联社会主义建设的实践中，首次将“各尽所能”和“按劳分配”联系起来（众志，1992：77）。按劳分配执行等量劳动相交换的原则，主要包括三方面内容。一是个人消费品的分配只能以劳动为尺度，而不能以生产资料的占有状况和其他条件为尺度；二是每个劳动者应分配的个人收入的多少，取决于他为社会提供的劳动进行必要的扣除之后为个人劳动部份的多少，多劳多得，少劳少得；三是随着劳动生产率的提高和生产的发展，劳动者能够分到的消费品也将增加。在我国现阶段，由于多元所有制结构的存在，按劳分配与其他分配形式并存，分配方式形成以按劳分配为主体、多种分配形式并存的格局（按劳分配.via：http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900010999230&d=28C8ED5B261D125A7E4E6755F3AC7639）。

定义来源

[1] 按劳分配.via：http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900010999230&d=28C8ED5B261D125A7E4E6755F3AC7639
[2] 众志.万事源大辞典[Z].海洋出版社，1992.

例句

1. 科学社会主义强调，社会主义必须以历史唯物主义为理论基石，必须以实现共产主义为最高理想，必须以无产阶级政党为领导核心，必须以解放和发展生产力为根本任务，必须坚持代表最广大人民的根本利益，必须以公有制和按劳分配为社会经济制度的基础，必须以人民当家作主为民主政治的本质特征，必须坚持改革和完善社会主义制度和体制机制，等等。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2013：23

1. Scientific socialism insists: socialism is based on historical materialism; with the highest ideal of realizing communism; the proletarian party is its leadership core; its fundamental task is to emancipate and develop the productive forces; it has to represent people’s basic interests; the socialist public ownership and distribution is the basis of social economic system; the essence and core of socialist democracy are that people are masters of the country; it has to insist on reforming socialism. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 12.

2. 现在封建阶级有封建主义，资产阶级有资本主义，佛教徒有佛教主义，基督徒有基督主义，农民有多神主义，近年还有人提倡什么基马尔主义，法西斯主义，唯生主义，“按劳分配主义”，为什么无产阶级不可以有一个共产主义呢？——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1991：687

2. Since the feudal class has a feudal doctrine, the bourgeoisie a capitalist doctrine, the Buddhists Buddhism, the Christians Christianity and the peasants polytheism, and since in recent years some people have also advocated Kemalism, fascism, vitalism,13 the “doctrine of distribution according to labour”, and what not, why then cannot the proletariat have its communism? -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tsu-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 361-362.

3. 自从开始由按劳分配的社会主义向按需分配的共产主义过渡以来，苏联提出了“一切为了人”的口号，并开始探讨关于个人自由、尊重法制和人格尊严等新论题。各国工人政党纷纷庆贺社会主义人道主义的成就；他们在《资本论》中，并日益频繁地在马克思青年时代的著作中，寻找社会主义人道主义的理论根据。——《保卫马克思》，1984：190

3. As it enters the period which will lead it from socialism (to each according to his labour) to communism (to each according to his needs), the Soviet Union has proclaimed the slogan: All for Man, and introduced new themes: the freedom of the individual, respect for legality, the dignity of the person. In workers’ parties the achievements of socialist humanism are celebrated and justification for its theoretical claims is sought in Capital, and more and more frequently, in Marx’s Early Works. -Quoted from For Marx, 1965: 221.

网络参考例句

例句 1： 
市场经济条件下，按劳分配以社会必要劳动时间为基础，借助于商品、货币形式通过市场来实现。市场经济不仅与按劳分配有兼容性，而且为按劳分配的完善和科学实现提供了条件;按劳动力价值分配是按照劳动力商品的价值来取得个人收入。——“社会主义市场经济与按劳分配、按劳动力价值分配”,载于《南京医科大学学报（社会科学版）》2003年第2期
Under the condition of market economy, distribution according to labour is based on the necessary labour time of society,and is realized through the market in the form of commodities and fund. The market economy not only is compatible with the distribution according to labour, but also provides the condition for the perfection of the distribution according to labour and the realization of science. The distribution according to labour force value means the obtainment of personal income according to the value of the labour force commodity.

例句 2：
本文通过对马克思按劳分配理论的重新学习和对社会主义初级阶段理论的分析，提出了社会主义初级阶段实行按劳分配原则的原因、特点以及它的实行意义，并进一步阐述了社会主义现阶段必须实行按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合的分配制度。——“按劳分配理论在社会主义初级阶段的实践”，载于《安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2005年第4期
Through restudying Marx’s distribution theory according labour and analyzing the theory of socialism primary stage, I put forward the reason, characteristics and fulfilling significance of  distribution according to labour principle today. And  more, I elaborate the fact that the allocate system of distribution according to labour and produce element must carry into effect in nowadays.

例句 3：
个人收入分配机制在经济效率和社会公平两方而都具有重