必然的判断【英】

the judgment of necessity; the apodeictic judgment

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：28.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 504.
[3] The Judgment of Necessity. via: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/hl/hl650.htm

定义

必然的判断是黑格尔《逻辑学》中判断分类之一，是指主词和谓词在内容上虽有差别，但又有内在同一性的判断。在黑格尔看来，判断可分为四种：质的判断、反映的判断、必然的判断和概念的判断。必然的判断将主词规定为普遍的东西，认为主词和谓词达到了内容的统一，从而使判断的联系成为一种必然的联系。必然的联系又可分为直言判断、假言判断、选言判断三种具体形式。直言判断是对事物及其偶有属性的关系的断定，如“黄金是金属”；假言判断是对事物本质范围的因果性的断定，其形式为“如果有金属，则有黄金”；选言判断则是指对事物内在本质可能有的普遍性与其内容的同一的断定，其形式有“金属不是黄金就是银或铜或铁等等”等。必然的判断是过渡到概念的判断之桥梁，是认识过程中不可缺少的中间环节。在实践中，它能帮助我们把握不同事物间的必然联系或内在同一性（金炳华，2003：28）。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 必然性的判断，这里所表明的是主语的实在的规定性（直言判断：玫瑰花是植物；假言判断：如果太阳升起，那就是白昼；选言判断：南美肺鱼不是鱼类就是两栖类）。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：566

1. Judgment of necessity, in which its substantial determination is predicated of the subject (categorical judgment: the rose is a plant; hypothetical judgment: when the sun rises it is day-time; disjunctive judgment: Lepidosiren is either a fish or an amphibian). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 504.

2. 概念的判断，这里所表明的是主语对自己的一般本性，或者如黑格尔所说的，对自己的概念符合到什么程度（实然判断：这所房子是坏的；或然判断：如果一所房子如此这般地建造起来，它就是好的；必然判断：如此这般地建造起来的房子是好的）。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：566

2. Judgment of the notion, in which is predicated of the subject how far it corresponds to its general nature or, as Hegel says, to the notion of it (assertoric judgment: this house is bad; problematic judgment: if a house is constituted in such and such a way, it is good; apodeictic judgment: the house that is constituted in such and such a way is good). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 504.

3. 只过了三年，迈尔就能够（至少在实质上）把反省判断提高到它现在还起着作用的阶段：在每一情况的特定条件下，任何一种运动形式都能够而且不得不直接或间接地转变为其他任何运动形式。这是概念的判断，并且是必然判断——判断的最高形式。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：567-568

3. Only three years later, Mayer was able, at least in substance, to raise the judgment of subsumption to the level at which it now stands: any form of motion, under conditions fixed for each case, is both able and compelled to undergo transformation, directly or indirectly, into any other form of motion—a judgment of the notion, and moreover an apodeictic one, the highest form of judgment altogether. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 505.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
通过对战后社会主义国家改革浪潮的分析，作出了改革是历史的必然的判断。—— “试论实行工作重点转移和改革开放政策的国际动因”，载于《中共四川省党委学报》1999年第3期

例句 2：
不称霸是邓小平国际战略中的一个重要思想。这一思想的提出不是偶然的,是邓小平综合考虑了各种因素后作出的必然判断。——“邓小平不称霸思想多视角解析”，载于《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2004年第3期
The non-hegemony among states is an important thought within the international strategies of Deng Xiaoping. Bringing up this thought was not accidental, but he made the right judgment after analyzing every factors.　

例句 3：
他认为，判断的本质就是标示事实的记号，判断始终标示对象之间关系的存在，所以不存在单项判断；石里克主要探讨了出现于认识论中的肯定判断和否定判断、全称判断和特称判断、必然判断和或然判断、分析判断和综合判断等在构建科学知识上的作用。——《石里克判断理论研究》，内蒙古大学硕士学位论文，2015
He believes that the essence of judgment is the sign which indicates fact, and judgment always indicates the relationship between objects. Thus, there is no monomial. Besides, Schlick mainly discusses the effects of positive judgment and negative judgment, universal judgment and particular judgment, apodictic judgment and judgment and synthetic judgment on problematic judgment, as well as analytic constructing disciplinary knowledge.