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字词 对立统一规律
释义

对立统一规律【英】

the law of unity of opposites

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (IV) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1961:98.

定义

对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的根本规律,亦称对立面的统一和斗争的规律或矛盾规律。它揭示出,社会和思想领域中的任何事物以及事物之间都包含着矛盾性,事物矛盾双方又统一又斗争推动事物的运动、变化和发展。对立统一规律的内涵体现在:矛盾双方的同一性与斗争性;矛盾的普遍性与特殊性;事物发展过程中的矛盾以及矛盾双方发展的不平衡性。辩证法是解决一切矛盾的方法论。对立统一规律揭示了普遍联系的根本内容和事物发展的内在动力,揭示了事物发展的动力和源泉,揭示了发展和联系的本质,其它规律范畴都是对立统一规律的进一步补充和展开。对立统一规律是唯物辩证法的根本规律。对立统一规律的基本理论包括:矛盾的统一性和斗争性;矛盾普遍性和特殊性;主要矛盾和非主要矛盾、矛盾的主要方面和非主要方面(via: http://baike.so.com/doc/2614849-2760963.html)。
 古希腊米利都学派在对世界本原的探索中,已接触对立统一的思想。赫拉克利特认为一切都是通过斗争产生的,提出“统一物是由两个对立面组成的”。亚里士多德探讨了统一和差别、质和量、肯定和否定、必然和偶然、原因和结果、归纳和演绎等范畴的关系,其中不少包含对立统一的思想。文艺复兴时期德意志库萨的尼古拉和意大利布鲁诺提出了“对立面的一致”的思想。近代法国笛卡尔、荷兰斯宾诺莎在自然观方面,法国卢梭、狄罗德在社会历史观方面都包含了对立面相互联系和转化的思想。德国康德第一次提出了人的“理性”思维发生矛盾的必然性,提出了四个著名的“二律背反”。但他不认为这种矛盾现象是客观矛盾的反映。费希特在主观唯心主义的基础上,注意到对立面的统一,突出表现在“自我”与“非我”的既互相排斥,又互相制约的关系上。黑格尔第一次以唯心的方式系统地表达了对立统一的学说。指出对立双方既对立又统一,“两个对立面每个都在自身那里包含着另一个,没有这一方也就不可能设想另一方”,唯有它们的统一才是真理,“矛盾则是一切运动和生命力的根源”。马克思和恩格斯创立了对立统一规律的科学形态,恩格斯把这一规律表述为“两极对立的相互渗透 和它们达到极端时的相互转化。列宁首次把对立统一规律称作唯物辩证法的实质和核心。对立统一规律的基本内容括:对立面之间的同一和斗争是矛盾双方所固有的两种相反的属性,它们不可分割地互相联结;对立面的同一是相对的,对立面的斗争是绝对的,相对的同一性中包含绝对的斗争性,绝对的斗争性寓于相对的同一性之中;对立面双方既对立又统一,推动事物的发展,并在一定条件下互相转化。对立统一规律是自然界、人类社会和思维发展中的普遍规律,它揭示了事物自己运动的源泉,是理解唯物辩证法其他规律和范畴的钥匙。(冯契等,2000:221)。

定义来源

[1] 冯契,徐孝通.外国哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2000.
[2] 对立统一规律.via: http://baike.so.com/doc/2614849-2760963.html

例句

1. 同世界上一切事物无不具有两重性(即对立统一规律)一样,帝国主义和一切反动派也有两重性,它们是真老虎又是纸老虎。历史上奴隶主阶级、封建地主阶级和资产阶级,在它们取得统治权力以前和取得统治权力以后的一段时间内,它们是生气勃勃的,是革命者,是先进者,是真老虎。在随后的一段时间内,由于他们的对立面,奴隶阶级、农民阶级和无产阶级,逐步壮大,并同它们进行斗争,越来越厉害,它们就逐步向反方向转化,化为反动派,化为落后的人们,化为纸老虎,终究被或者将被人民所推翻。——《毛泽东文集(第七卷)》,1996:455

1. Just as there is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature (this is the law of unity of opposites), so imperialism and all reactionaries have a dual nature ― they are at the same time real tigers and paper tigers. In the past, before they won state power and for some time afterwards, the slave-owning class, the feudal landlord class and the bourgeoisie were vigorous, revolutionary and progressive; they were real tigers. But with the lapse of time, because their opposites―the slave class, the peasants class and the proletariat―gradually grew in strength and struggled against them ever more fiercely, these ruling class changed step by step into the reverse, changed into reactionaries, changed into backward people, changed into paper tigers. And eventually they were overthrown, or will be overthrown by people. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung(IV), 1961:98.

2. 我们在一九五六年发表的十二年农业发展纲要四十条和十二年科学发展纲要,这些都是从马克思主义关于宇宙的两重性,关于事物发展的两重性,关于事物总是当作过程出现而任何一个过程无不包括两重性,这样一个基本观点,对立统一的观点,出发的。一方面,藐视它,轻而易举,不算数,不在乎,可以完成,能打胜仗。一方面,重视它,并非轻而易举,算数的,千万不可以掉以轻心,不经艰苦奋斗,不苦战,就不能胜利。怕与不怕,是一个对立统一法则。——《毛泽东文集(第七卷)》,1996:456

2. Both the 12-year 40-article programme for agricultural development and the 12-year programme for the development of science which we published in 1956 proceed from this basic concept of Marxism, the concept of the unity of opposites, that is, the concept of the dual nature of the development of the universe, the concept of the dual nature of the development of things, the concept that a thing invariably manifests itself in a process and that every process without exception has a dual nature. On the one hand, we should take these struggles lightly, they are easy to handle, they are not much a problem, there is nothing to worry about, and we shall certainly achieve success and be victorious. On the other hand, we should take them seriously, they are not so easy to handle, they present quite a problem and must not be treated casually, and we cannot be victorious without hard work and arduous struggle. Fear and fearlessness fall under the law of the unity of opposites. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, 1977.

3. 有了理想,还要有纪律才能实现。纪律和自由是对立统一的关系,两者是不可分的,缺一不可。我们这么大一个国家,怎样才能团结起来、组织起来呢?一靠理想,二靠纪律。组织起来就有力量。没有理想,没有纪律,就会想旧中国那样一盘散沙,那我们的革命怎么能够成功?——《邓小平文选(第三卷)》,1993:111

3. Ideals cannot be realized without discipline. Discipline and freedom form a unity of opposites; both are indispensable. How can a vast country like China be united and organized? Through ideals and discipline. Strength comes from organization. Without ideals and discipline our country would be only a heap pf loose sand, as it was in the old days. How, then, could we make a success of revolution and construction? -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 3), 1994: 117.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
第一部分:对立统一规律对歌唱的重要意义 本部分首先阐述了声音乐演唱中运用对立统一规律对教与学的意义、对初学者的意义、对歌唱演员的重要意义。——《对立统一规律在声乐演唱艺术中的运用》,哈尔滨师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
The first part: the law of the unity of opposites of important significance of singing This section first expounded acoustic music singing using the law of the unity of opposites of teaching and learning of the significance, for beginners of singing actor significance, the important meaning.

例句 2:
对立统一规律是事物的普遍规律,它揭示出任何事物内部、事物与事物之间都包含着矛盾性,矛盾推动着事物的运动、变化和发展。——《论三维动画灯光照明中的对立统一规律》,河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2013
The law of the unity of opposites, which reveals that inside anything and between any two things there are contradictions, which is the reason of movement, change and development of things, is the universal law.

例句 3:
对立统一规律,在自然社会中无时无刻的存在着,它是事物发展与存在中固有的一种辩证关系。——《名词短语的多项前置定语的英汉对比研究》,华侨大学硕士学位论文,2008
The law of the unity of opposites exists in society and nature all the time, it is a inherent dialectical relationship in the development and existence of the things.

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更新时间:2024/11/5 10:31:11