客观逻辑【英】

objective logic

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：756.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 90.

定义

客观逻辑与主观逻辑相对，指不以人的意志为转移的客观世界的内在联系，亦即事物自身的辩证法。主观逻辑指反映客观世界辩证联系的思维形式、规律，亦即思维自身的辩证法。客观逻辑是主观逻辑的基础，主观逻辑是客观逻辑的反映和表现，二者既相区别又相统一。从辩证逻辑的角度看，客观辩证法与主观辩证法的统一，辩证法、逻辑与认识论的统一，就是客观逻辑与主观逻辑相统一的关系。在西方哲学中上，客观逻辑和主观逻辑是黑格尔在《逻辑学》中首先明确作出的划分。他把“存在论”和“本质论”称作“客观逻辑”，把“概念论”称作“主观逻辑”（卞敏，1992：25）。马克思主义以辩证唯物论的反映论为基础，批判地吸取了黑格尔逻辑学中关于客观逻辑与主观逻辑的观点，在承认存在着事物本身的客观逻辑的同时，也承认存在着具有客观意义的主观逻辑，但主观逻辑、思维逻辑形式和逻辑规律不是空洞的外壳，而是事物的客观规律在人的思维中的反映和再现。只有联系现实世界本身的客观逻辑来研究主观逻辑，有关思维、认识的学说才能得到科学的说明（via：http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%82%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91）。

定义来源

[1] 卞敏.客观逻辑：本体论的认识论化[J]．求是学刊，1992（1）.
[2] 客观逻辑.via:
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%82%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91.

例句

1. 正是在这一点上，西斯蒙第也明确反对资产阶级政治经济学的拜物教，但是持这种否定尺度的西斯蒙第与黑格尔截然不同，也不同于后来从客观逻辑出发，将李嘉图颠倒过来以反对资产阶级社会的社会主义经济学家。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：91

1. Also, because of this understanding, Sismondi is clearly opposed to the fetishisms of bourgeois political economy. However, Sismondi, whose opposition is expressed very differently from Hegel’s, is also distinct from the later socialist economists who began with objective logic and inverted Ricardo’s theories in order to oppose bourgeois society. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 58-59.

2. 我想指出一点，青年恩格斯这时的研究方法是值得我们认真关注的。在他的批判方法中，经济学的那种从现实社会生活出发的客观逻辑实际上已占据主导地位，而人本学的逻辑构架仅仅对他起到一定作用，所以青年恩格斯后来的思想转变并不像马克思那样艰难。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：130

2. I would like to point out that the research methodology employed by young Engels at this time is deserving of our careful attention. In his method of criticism, objective logic rooted in actual social life became his guiding principle, whereas the logical framework of humanism only exerted a limited influence on him. As such, Engels’ philosophical transformation was not as difficult as that of Marx. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 90.

3. 这种转变，基于马克思经济学视域中的更为基础性的重大转向，即从主体方面立足于无产阶级政治立场对资产阶级政治经济学的直接否定转向对它的基本肯定。通过《布鲁塞尔笔记》和《曼彻斯特笔记》，马克思已经发现，李嘉图是唯一没有浪漫色彩的人，他眼里只有客观现实性。而李嘉图式的社会主义经济学家的思想对马克思的重要影响，就是直接确证了一个逻辑，即基于资产阶级政治经济学的客观逻辑，才能真正现实地找到打倒资产阶级社会统治的现实道路。这样，政治经济学就成了马克思此时的全部思想和理论论述的基础（配第意义上的“实证科学”），但这是经过改造了的现实批判逻辑。因为，在资产阶级经济学家那里，资产阶级社会生产方式支配和建构起来的经济现实是非批判的，全部政治经济学的科学同样也是非批判的，这也就是说，马克思此刻的思想理论基础是建立在对古典经济学的政治立场的超越之上的。这是一个新的重要支援背景。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：403

3. This shift was rooted in the more fundamental, important shift in Marx’s economic outlook, i.e., the shift from direct refutation of bourgeois political economy from the standpoint of the proletariat to the basic affirmation of bourgeois political economy. Through his Brussels Notes and Manchester Notes, Marx had already discovered that Ricardo was the only philosopher devoid of romantic inclinations; he cared only for objective reality. The philosophy of the Ricardian socialist economists had already influenced Marx into accepting a new conclusion: the objective logic based on bourgeois political economy was the only thing capable of truly pointing out the real road to the overthrow of bourgeois society. Thus, political economy here becomes the foundation of all of Marx’s thinking and theoretical expression at this time (Petty’s “positivist science”). However, Marx’s logic is the logic of restructured critique of reality. This is because for the political economists, the economic reality controlled and constructed by bourgeois modes of production was non-critical; thus the whole science of political economy was also non-critical. Therefore, the foundation of Marx’s philosophical theories at this time was built on the supersession of the classical political economic standpoint. This is a new and important subsidiary awareness. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 312.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
从客观逻辑到主观逻辑,从形式逻辑到先验逻辑,这是胡塞尔借助现象学方法所铺就的一条逻辑之路。——“从客观逻辑到主观逻辑——胡塞尔的逻辑学之路”，载于《河北学刊》2009年第5期
From objective logic to subjective logic, from formal logic to transcendental logic, it is very the Husserl’s way of logic paved by his phenomenological methodology.

例句 2：
司法逻辑是一种客观逻辑,刑法的司法逻辑精神是一种客观精神,对此要在刑法自身结构中的自生性(内部性)与建构性(外部性)的矛盾中理解。——“论刑法的司法逻辑精神——《刑法》前五条之总体理解”，载于《法学论坛》2015年第2期
Judicial logic is one kind of objective logics, and Criminal Law’s spirit of judicial logic is also objective, which demands the understanding of contradiction between Criminal Law’s spontaneity (internal nature) and nature of construction (externality).

例句 3：
在历史唯物主义视野中，“历史”表现为三个层面：历史进程、历史趋势与社会共时结构，这三者统一于历史的客观逻辑。——“重新理解‘逻辑与历史相统一’——以《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》为中心的分析”，载于《马克思主义研究》2015年第1期
From the perspective of historical materialism, the meaning of “history” is expresses at three levels: historical process, historical tendency and synchronic social structure. These three meanings can be unified into the objective logic of history.