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字词 基本矛盾
释义

基本矛盾【英】

basic contradiction; primary contradiction

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:584.
[2] Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 466.

定义

基本矛盾亦称“根本矛盾”,是相对于非基本矛盾而言的,指贯穿事物过程始终并决定事物和事物过程基本性质的矛盾。而非基本矛盾是指未必贯穿事物发展过程始终、对事物和事物发展过程的基本性质不起决定性作用的矛盾。基本矛盾规定和制约非基本矛盾,非基本矛盾影响或反作用于基本矛盾(钟学能,1996:1)。基本矛盾所要回答的问题主要是关于事物或事物发展过程的基本性质是由什么决定的。人类社会是整个物质世界的一部分,是一个大系统的而与自然界不同的物质运动形式。人类社会的基本矛盾是生产力和生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾。马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中,已开始把生产力与交往形式(后改为“生产关系”)的矛盾作为社会发展的基本动力。这两对矛盾是在整个人类社会中自始至终起作用的矛盾。“社会的基本矛盾在于各个具体的社会形态之中,所以,每一个具体的社会形态的基本矛盾,仍然是生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾。社会基本矛盾是决定、制约社会生活的一切方面的。在人类社会生活中,包括阶级斗争在内的一切现象,归根结底,是由社会基本矛盾决定的。社会主义社会的基本矛盾是生产力与生产关系以及经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾”(李太俊,1980:11)。

定义来源

[1] 钟学能.关于基本矛盾和主要矛盾的思考[J].华南热带作物学院学报,1996(1).
[2] 李太俊.谈谈基本矛盾、根本矛盾、主要矛盾的区别和联系[J].延安大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1980(2).

例句

1. (五)有些同志由于对于中日矛盾是基本矛盾这一点发生动摇,并因此对国内阶级关系作了错误的估计,因而对党的政策也有时发生动摇。这些同志在皖南事变后,从其“四一二”和马日事变的估计出发,似乎感觉去年十二月二十五日的中央的原则指示,已不适用,或不大适用了。——《毛泽东选集(第二卷)》,1991:783

1. 5. Because some comrades have wavered on the point that the contradiction between China and Japan is the primary one and hence have wrongly appraised class relations in China, they have at times wavered on the policy of the Party. Proceeding from their appraisal of the Southern Anhwei Incident as another April 12th or May 21st Incident, these comrades now seem to think that the Central Committee’s policy directive of December 25 last year is no longer applicable, or at least not altogether applicable. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 466.

2. 哈贝马斯采用类似于马克思所用过的术语,简要地分析了自由资本主义,例如,其中所包含的社会生产与私人积累之间的基本矛盾。为了弄清晚期资本主义是否也是那样,哈贝马斯把当代社会固有的危机做了类型学的概括:经济危机、理性危机、合法性危机和原动力危机。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:285

2. Habermas analysed briefly liberal capitalism in terms similar to those of Marx, i.e., as involving a basic contradiction between social production and private accumulation. Enquiring whether the same was true of late capitalism, Habermas outlined a typology of crises inherent in contemporary society: an economic crisis, a crisis of rationality, of legitimacy, and of motivation. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 300.

3. (二)除了政治上经济上的基本矛盾,蒋介石无法克服,为我必胜蒋必败的基本原因之外,在军事上,蒋军战线太广与其兵力不足之间,业已发生了矛盾。此种矛盾,必然要成我胜蒋败的直接原因。——《毛泽东选集(第四卷)》,1991:1101

3. 2. Apart from the fundamental political and economic contradictions which Chiang Kai-shek cannot resolve and which are the basic cause rendering our victory certain and Chiang’s defeat inevitable, a sharp contradiction has arisen in the military sphere between Chiang’s over-extended battle lines and his shortage of troops. That contradiction is bound to be the direct cause of our victory and Chiang Kai-shek’s defeat. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 4), 1961: 113.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
毛泽东关于社会主义社会基本矛盾“仍然是生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾,上层建筑和经济基础之间的矛盾”的重要论断,阐述的是社会主义社会基本矛盾存在的所有领域和与其他社会的基本矛盾相一致的普遍属性,可以说,是对社会主义社会基本矛盾的一种“外延式”的解释和界定。——“关于社会主义社会基本矛盾的理论分析”,载于《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2010年第1期
Mao Zedong’s important judgment that the basic contradiction of socialist society is still the contradiction between relation of production and productivity and the contradiction between superstructure and economic basis indicates that the basic contradiction of socialist society exists in all fields and consists with the basic contradiction of other society.

例句 2:
马克思主义社会基本矛盾理论是历史唯物主义的基本内容,是科学认识人类社会发展规律的钥匙,人类社会就是在以社会基本矛盾及其有规律的运动中向前发展的。——《马克思主义社会基本矛盾理论研究》,湖北大学硕士学位论文,2013
As the basic content of historical materialism, the theory of Marx’s social basic contradictions is the key to scientifically understand the development of human society. And human society advances under the effect of social basic contradiction and its regular development.

例句 3:
职业教育基本矛盾是职业教育基本理论体系的重要组成部分,职业教育实践中许多问题的发生都与职业教育基本矛盾有关。——《我国职业教育基本矛盾研究》,湖南农业大学硕士学位论文,2008
The basic contradiction of vocational education is an important component of the basic theoretical system of vocational education, and which is related with the many vocational educational practical issues.

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