字词 | 国际分工 |
释义 | 国际分工【英】international division of labour译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1976:187. 定义国际分工指世界各国间的劳动分工。国民经济内部的社会劳动分工在世界范围内的延伸或继续。影响国际分工的因素主要有各国生产力水平、科技发展、社会经济结构、市场规模等社会经济条件,以及地理环境、资源禀赋等自然条件。国际分工的实现以世界市场、国际交换为基础,而国际分工的深化又扩展了世界市场与国际贸易。15世纪的地理大发现和16世纪到17世纪资本主义生产方式的萌芽,为国际分工形成准备了条件。19世纪中叶大机器生产的广泛建立,使国际分工最终形成。现代科技革命和跨国公司的发展推进和深化了国际分工,使部门内部的国际分工和专业生产得到了广泛发展。国际分工的类型有:(1)按部门之间的纵向经济联系划分的垂直型分工;(2)按部门内部的横向经济联系划分的水平型分工;(3)两者兼有的混合型分工(胡代光,1996:232)。 定义来源[1] 胡代光.现代西方经济学辞典[Z].中国社会科学出版社,1996. 例句1. 由于机器和蒸气的应用,分工的规模已使大工业脱离了本国基地,完全依赖于世界市场、国际交换和国际分工。总之,机器对分工起着极大的影响,只要一种物品的生产中有可能用机械制造它的某一部分,生产就立即分成两个彼此独立的部门。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:169 1. Thanks to the application of machinery and of steam, the division of labour was able to assume such dimensions that large-scale industry, detached from the national soil, depends entirely on the world market, on international exchange, on an international division of labour. Finally—the machine has so great an influence on the division of labour, that when, in the manufacture of some object, a means has been found to produce parts of it mechanically, the manufacture splits up immediately into two branches independent of each other.-Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 187. 2. 资本主义的发展早在前一世纪就呈现出一种趋向:生产方式和交换方式国际化,民族闭关自守状态消灭,各民族在经济上接近,广大领土逐渐联合成一个相互联系的整体。资本主义的进一步发展,世界市场的扩大,海上和铁路交通干线的敷设和资本的输出等等,更加强了这种趋向,并且用国际分工和各方面相互依赖的纽带把各个极不相同的民族联系起来了。——《斯大林全集(第五卷)》,1957:127 2. Already in the last century the development of capitalism revealed the tendency to internationalise the modes of production and exchange, to eliminate national isolation, to bring peoples into closer economic relations, and gradually to unite vast territories into a single connected whole. The further development of capitalism, the development of the world market, the establishment of the great sea and rail routes, the export of capital, and so on, still further strengthened this tendency and bound peoples of the most diverse types by the ties of international division of labour and all-round mutual dependence.-Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5), 1953: 184. 3. 托洛茨基无法理解的是,世界在政治上分裂为两个阵营就意味着经济上的分裂;俄国应准备从国际分工中得到好处。换句话说,托洛茨基所反对的与其说是社会主义在一国的胜利,不如说是那种漠视整个世界经济、自命在单独的一个国家中发展社会主义的观点。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:127 3. Trotsky saw no reason why the political division of the world into two camps should imply an economic one: Russia should be prepared to benefit from the international division of labour. In other words, what Trotsky objected to was not Socialism in One Country so much as socialism in a separate country which pretended to develop in disregard for the world economy in general. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction,1998: 136. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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