字词 | 原则 |
释义 | 原则【英】principle译文来源Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 28. 定义原则,指导人们的认识、思想、言论和行为的理论规定。在不同的领域内有不同的含义,在社会生活中,原则常被作为人们言行的准则;在具体科学中含有公理性质的意思;在哲学上则指反映事物发展一般规律的命题或基本原理,常被作为推理的依据。原则具有主观和客观的双重属性,一方面它反映人们对客观事物、客观规律的认识与把握,另一方面又受一定的历史发展阶段、意识形态及主体认识水平的影响。“原则不是人们认识客观事物的起点,而是人们认识客观事物及其规律的结果,是人们在社会实践中对客观事物及其规律进行抽象的结果。原则只有正确反映客观事物及其规律时才是正确的,才能对人们的认识与实践具有指导意义”(金炳华,2003:216)。正确的原则可以成为人们行为处事的指导法则与标准,其形式包括:基本的论断和主张;行为的主导规律,对生活和行为发生指导性影响的意见、态度或信仰;被公认为真实的和基本的概括,可适用于提供推论的出发点;限定行动的标准;事物的主要方面或本质内容;对正确和高尚的事情的坚持;被认为具有最高价值的事物等等。但由于事物范围和层次的多样性,所以即使是正确的原则,也有其适用范围。此外,原则不是固定不变的,会随着事物的发展而发展,所以,要根据实践活动和认识的发展而灵活变化,否则一味地追求固定的原则,只会导致与生活实践相脱离的形而上学和教条主义。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. “物质一旦被逐出自然界,就会带走很多怀疑论的和渎神的看法,带走无数的争论和纠缠不清的问题<马赫在19世纪70年代发现的“思维经济原则”!1876年阿芬那留斯发现的“哲学——按照费力最小的原则对世界的思维”!〉,这些争论和问题使神学家和哲学家如坐针毡。物质使人类费了那么多无谓的劳动,因此,即使我们提出来反驳物质的那些论据没有被认为是有充分说服力的(而我则认为它们是十分清楚的),我还是相信,真理、和平和宗教之友都有理由希望这些论据被认为是这样的。”——《列宁全集(第十八卷)》,1988:19-20 1. “Matter being once expelled out of nature drags with it so many sceptical and impious notions, such an incredible number of disputes and puzzling questions [“the principle of economy of thought”, discovered by Mach in the seventies, philosophy as a conception of the world according to the principle of minimum expenditure of effort”—Avenarius in 1876!] which have been thorns in the sides of divines as well as philosophers, and made so much fruitless work for mankind, that if the arguments we have produced against it are not found equal to demonstration (as to me they evidently seem), yet I am sure all friends to knowledge peace, and religion have reason to wish they were”. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 14), 1977: 28. 2. 马克思明确认为,只有在必然王国的土壤中,它才能欣欣向荣。虽然希望游戏超越劳动,但游戏只是劳动的延续,游戏始终不过是对劳动强制性的审美升化。运用这个概念,我们永远处于必然与自由的问题式中,这是典型的资产阶级问题式,它的双重意识形态表现(压抑和升化,劳动的原则)已经成为现实原则的规定,对这一原则的形式克服就是理想的超然状态。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:223 2. Marx clearly states that it can flourish only when founded on the reign of necessity. Wishing itself beyond labor but in its continuation, the sphere of play is always merely the esthetic sublimation of labor's constraints. With this concept we remain rooted in the problematic of necessity and freedom, a typically bourgeois problematic whose double ideological expression has always been the institution of a reality principle (repression and sublimation, the principle of labor) and its formal overcoming in an ideal transcendence. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 300. 3. 中国特色社会主义道路,既坚持以经济建设为中心,又全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设以及其他各方面建设;既坚持四项基本原则,又坚持改革开放;既不断解放和发展社会生产力,又逐步实现全体人民共同富裕、促进人的全面发展。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:9 3. This path takes economic development as the central task, and brings along economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other forms of progress. It adheres to both the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening-up policy. It entails further releasing and developing the productive forces, and achieving prosperity for all and the well-founded development of everyone. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 9. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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