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字词 历史辩证法
释义

历史辩证法【英】

historical dialectics

译文来源

Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 31) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1989: 27-28.

定义

历史辩证法主张人类历史是一个有规律的发展过程,有唯物主义和唯心主义之分,唯物主义的历史辩证法即马克思主义的历史唯物主义。在马克思主义以前,有些思想家已提出历史是按一定必然性有规律地发展的过程的观点,但他们把历史发展的根源和动力归结为精神或意识,是唯心主义的历史辩证法。例如黑格尔的历史哲学思想,他认为历史是“世界精神”在时间上的展现,经历着曲折前进的过程;偶然的东西是必然的,必然性规定自身为偶然性;“想证明历史中有一种发展、有一种内在联系”(中共中央编译局,2012:121)。黑格尔的这一合理思想为唯物史观提供了理论前提。马克思和恩格斯在人类思想史上第一次把唯物主义和辩证法结合起来考察社会历史现象,通过联系一定的物质资料生产,对社会历史发展的规律及其根源和动力作了科学的说明,创立了唯物主义的历史辩证法,即历史唯物主义。历史辩证法揭示了人类发展的一般规律,找到了历史发展的真正根源和动力(何彦才,1989:27)。历史辩证法指出了社会中的主客观因素、指出了人的目的性活动与历史规律的本质联系,揭示了生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾运动,科学的揭示出人类历史由低级阶段向高级阶段的辩证运动过程。历史辩证法不仅体现的是历史本身发展的客观规律,也是人类正确认识社会历史的科学的方法论(高清海,1988:72)。

定义来源

[1] 中共中央编译局.马克思恩格斯选集(第二卷)[C].人民出版社,2012.
[2] 何彦才.马克思主义原理学科辞典[Z].科学技术文献出版社,1989.
[3] 高清海.文史哲百科辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社,1988.

例句

1. 反动年代(1907-1910年)。沙皇制度胜利了。一切革命党和反对党都失败了。消沉、颓丧、分裂、涣散,叛卖和色情代替了政治。追求哲学唯心主义的倾向加强了;神秘主义成了掩盖反革命情绪的外衣。但同时正是这一大失败给革命政党和革命阶级上了真正的和大有教益的一课,上了历史辩证法的一课,上了使它们懂得如何进行、善于进行和巧妙地进行政治斗争的一课。——《列宁全集(第三十九卷)》,1974:8

1. The years of reaction (1907-10). Tsarism was victorious. All the revolutionary and opposition parties were smashed. Depression, demoralisation, splits, discord, defection, and pornography took the place of politics. There was an ever greater drift towards philosophical idealism; mysticism became the garb of counter-revolutionary sentiments. At the same time, however, it was this great defeat that taught the revolutionary parties and the revolutionary class a real and very useful lesson, a lesson in historical dialectics, a lesson in an understanding of the political struggle, and in the art and science of waging that struggle. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 31), 1989: 27-28.

2. 《序言》一上来,阿多诺就开宗明义地宣称要讨论辩证法。但这是在尼采、海德梅尔之后讨论辩证法,意思就很不一样。他对辩证法的时论,有黑格尔和马克思的影响,但显然早是在“联系与发展”这个语境中肯定性地描述外部事物的尺度上,而是定位在历史辩证法的批判和革命语境中的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:2

2. At the very beginning of the Introduction in Negative Dialectics, Adorno makes a manifest announcement that dialectics will be discussed here. It marks a significant difference that to talk of dialectics after Nietzsche and Hegel. Adorno’s discussion of dialectics is inevitably influenced by Hegel and Marx, on the one hand; while on the other hand, obviously does not remain at the level of affirmative description of external matters within the discourse of “correlation and' development”; rather, it finds its right place in the critical and revolutionary context of historical dialectics. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 15.

3. 在这一点上,戈德利尔的描述是准确的:“马克思之所以伟大,就在于他通过对商品、货币、资本等的分析,‘真实地再现了’在资本主义生产方式中以颠倒的形式表现在人们日常生活中或观念上的各种事实,阐明了社会关系所带有的那种虚幻性。”或者用青年卢卡奇的话来说,就是用历史辩证法“戳穿这样产生出来的社会假象,使我们看到假象下面的本质”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:528

3. On this point, Maurice Godelier’s description was accurate when he said that Marx was great because he was able to truly analyze the facts that appear in man’s daily life and ideas in their inverted forms using commodities, money, capital, etc. Godelier goes on to point out that Marx elucidated the illusory nature of social relations. Lukacs’ also pointed out that Marx used historical dialectics “to penetrate social pseudo-phenomena, permitting us to see the essence beneath the phenomenon.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 416.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
虽然卢卡奇的历史辩证法思想还存在着不足之处,但他不管是对资本主义的批判,还是对自身错误的认识,都是非常坚决的。——《卢卡奇历史辩证法述评》,江西师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
Although Lukacs’s historical has some shortcomings, whether his criticism of capitalism, or awareness of their own errors are very firmly.

例句 2:
马克思的历史唯物主义由历史辩证法和历史理论两大部分构成,历史辩证法是历史唯物主义的骨架子,历史理论是历史唯物主义的内容。——“马克思历史辩证法的理性结构”,载于《南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学版)》2012年第3期

例句 3:
本文主要论述了三个问题:历史辩证法的形成过程;历史辩证法在《共产党宣言》中的体现;历史辩证法的理论及现实意义。——《<共产党宣言>中的历史辩证法》,河南大学硕士学位论文,2008
This article focuses on three issues: the formation of historical dialectics; The manifestation of The historical dialectics in the “Communist Manifesto”; The academic and practical significance of historical dialectics in the “Communist Manifesto”.

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