字词 | 主客体辩证法 |
释义 | 主客体辩证法【英】dialectics of subject and object译文来源Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 30. 定义西方马克思主义关于辩证法的一种解释。匈牙利卢卡奇在《历史和阶级意识》一书中率先提出。他把主体当作集体主体“我们”,认为辩证法的关键性决定因素是主体和客体的相互作用,但主体和客体的辩证法只局限在历史和社会的范围内。由此批评恩格斯错误地追随黑格尔,把辩证法扩大到自然界,提出所谓的自然辩证法。E.布洛赫同样用主客体之间交互作用解释辩证法:“辩证法本身,在人类世界中就是客体-主体的关系,此外无它。”萨特也反对把只存在于历史和社会的辩证法搬到自然界,主张“应当在许多的个人同自然界、同种种‘既定条件’的关系之中去探究辩证法”(《方法的探求》)。但他把主体理解为个人或主观意识。法兰克福学派认为,客体与主体处于相互关联之中,主体介入了客体,客体以另一种方式介入主体。辩证法不能离开“社会历史过程的结构”,它在本质上“是一种历史方法”,一切辩证法都产生于主体与客体作为对立两极的“这一结构中”(阿多诺:《否定的辩证法》),“辩证法是主体与客体的”(哈贝马斯:《理论与实践》)。西方马克思主义认为辩证法是主客体的相互作用,是“以劳动为中介的辩证法”,只存在于社会历史领域之中。(金炳华,2003:954)。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 如果通俗地解择一下,阿多诺批评在传统马克思主义哲学解择框架中,唯物辩证法变成了一种外在于客观世界的理论观察(反映),它只去看到规律的存在,并同样以抽象的同一性逻辑去肯定性地编织装入被管理世界的理论之网。因为,在黑格尔那里,辩证法就已经要求一种概念只有历史地穆透到主体与客体的具体矛盾中才能真实地实现自己的具体化道路,而传统哲学解辑框架中的唯物辩证法却再一次蜕化为在事物之外去抽象谈论一些永恒不变的“联系”和“发展”特征的“方法论”。虽然寥寥数语,语境很淡,我们还是可以从中辨认出青年卢卡奇主客体辩证法的影子。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:13-14 1. Actually, for Adorno, materialist dialectics, in the interpretation framework of traditional Marxism, has been transformed into a theoretical observation (reflection) outside the objective world: only laws are within its insight; it is knitting an affirmative net of theories that can hold the whole administered world. In Hegelian philosophy, dialectics has demanded that a concept must historically penetrate into the concrete contradiction of subject and object, when it attempts to realize its own reification. Contrarily, materialist dialectics in traditional philosophical system has once again become a “methodology” that talks of several everlasting characteristics, such as “relation” and “development” outside the objective things. Indeed, the judgments derive from young Lukács’ dialectics of subject and object. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 30. 2. 大家都知道,早期的西方马克思主义者卢卡奇、葛兰西和柯尔施等人,诚然在进行其哲学理论重建的同时也隐性地确证历史主体性,如用总体性、物化、实践哲学和主客体辩证法等规定来张扬马克思主义哲学中的主体向度,但由于马克思的大量早期论著在当时并没有出版,所以他们的研究思路基本上还是从马克思后来的成熟文本(如《共产党宣言》、《资本论》等)出发的。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:4-5 2. Early Western Marxists such as Lukács, Gramsci and Korsch, while sincerely restructuring their philosophical theories, nevertheless tacitly confirmed the subjectivity of history, using qualifications such as the totality, reification, practical philosophy, and the dialectic of subject and object to publicize the subjective aspects of Marxist philosophy. However, because most of Marx’s early works were not published at the time, these Western Marxists were forced to rely on Marx’s later mature works (such as The Communist Manifesto and Capital). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: xxiv. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录46835条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。