字词 | 表现因果性 |
释义 | 表现因果性【英】expressive causality译文来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:969. 定义法国阿尔都塞对德国黑格尔唯心主义辩证法的称谓,强调黑格尔唯心主义辩证法是绝对精神决定现象之间的联系,是一元的辩证法。表现因果性与线性因果性(Linear causality)和结构因果性(Structural causality)相对。这种因果性可溯源于莱布尼茨的理论,并为匈牙利卢卡奇所推崇和应用(冯契,2000:476)。表现因果性考虑到了整体对部分的影响,它预设了这样一个前提:一切现象都可以被还原为一个内在的本质,而整体的各个部分是这一内在本质的现象和外部表现。在黑格尔哲学中,每一个现象都要以某种整体的性质为前提,也就是要以精神整体的这种性质为前提,在这种精神整体中,每一个要素作为“整体的组成部分”都是整个整体的表现。与线性因果性相比,表现因果性考虑到了整体对部分的影响,但是把整体还原为某种简单的本质,以此来说明整体的复杂性,这是一种懒惰的做法(李凯,2011:111)。结构因果性则与此相反,它将认识过程中的认识对象与现实对象作了根本性区分,认为结构内在于结果中,出现于结构的总体,而非表现于其个别的结果,因而克服了这种因果性的缺点。 定义来源[1] 冯契,徐孝通.外国哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2000. 例句1. 在《否定的辩证法》的第三部分中,阿多诺曾经以科学中习以为常的因果关系为例来揭露“同一性作为一种精神原则反映了对自然的显示统治”。在他看来,因果性的观念直接“可以告诉人们同一性对非同一性做了些什么”,不论是在主观上还是客观上,因果性作为一种人的观念“都是被统治的自然的魔法”。 ——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:25 1. In section three of the book, Adorno has applied the concept of causality, a concept taken for granted by science, to expose the enslaving nature of identity, namely, identity as an intellectual principle is only the reflection of the real control of nature. In his view, the concept of causality can directly teach us "what identity has done to noni-dentity." Subjectively or objectively, causality is "the spell of dominated nature." -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 46. 2. 在这里怀疑论者也不能说,从已往的经验不能推论出下一次将恰恰是同样的情形。确实有时候并不发生正好同样的情形,引信或火药失效,枪筒破裂等等。但是这正好证明了因果性,而不是推翻了因果性,因为我们对每件这样不合常规的事情加以适当的研究之后,都可以找出它的原因:引信的化学分解,火药的潮湿等等,枪筒的损坏等等,因此在这里可以说是对因果性作了双重的验证。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:574 2. And here the sceptic cannot even say that because of previous experience it does not follow that it will be the same next time. For, as a matter of fact, it does sometimes happen that it is not the same, that the priming or the gunpowder fails to work, that the barrel bursts, etc. But it is precisely this which proves causality instead of refuting it, because we can find out the cause of each such deviation from the rule by appropriate investigation: chemical decomposition of the priming, dampness, etc., of the gunpowder, defect in the barrel, etc., etc., so that here the test of causality is so to say a double one. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 510-511. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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