自发势力【英】

spontaneous forces; elemental forces

译文来源

[1] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 1) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977: 349.
[2] Stalin, J. V. J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5) [M]. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1953: 5.

定义

自发势力来自小生产者和小资产阶级自发性的无定形行为趋向。相对于无产阶级和社会主义的自觉成分和自觉力量而言。列宁认为它是“一种最无定形、最不固定、最不自觉的东西”(《列宁选集》第4卷第536页)。工人运动中的自发势力产生出工联主义。小生产者极不稳定的经济地位和分散落后的生产方式，使他们在无产阶级革命过程中的自发性表现为保守涣散、动摇不定、耽于幻想，而不能表现出坚韧性、组织性、纪律性和坚定性。因而在一个小农经济占优势的国家内，无产阶级政党需要加强对小生产者和小资产阶级的引导，耐心地进行社会主义教育，同时，要防止自发势力对无产阶级政党的侵蚀和影响。（金炳华，2003：356）

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 原来如此！“当我们谈论的时候，历史车轮却在滚滚前进，自发势力也在发生作用！”朋友，假如是我说了这样的话，你们会叫喊成什么样子呵！当马克思主义者谈到“历史车轮和自发势力”并确切说明这些“自发势力”就是发展着的资产阶级的势力的时候，民粹派先生们宁肯绝口不谈这些“自发势力”日益増长的事实是否确凿无疑以及对这种事实的估计是否正确的问题，宁肯毫无根据地胡诌一通，说这是一些“神秘主义者和形而上学者'这些人只会说“历史车轮！”和“自发势力”。——《列宁全集（第一卷）》，1984：295

1. There you have it! “While we are talking, the wheel of history is turning, spontaneous forces are at work.” What a howl, my friends, you would raise, were it I that spoke thus! When Marxists speak of the “wheel of history and spontaneous forces,” and explain specifically that the “spontaneous forces” are the forces of the rising bourgeoisie, Messrs. the Narodniks prefer to say nothing about whether or not the growth of these “spontaneous forces” is true and whether this fact has been rightly estimated; and they blather interminable asininities about those who dare to speak of “the wheel of history” and “spontaneous forces,” calling them “mystics and metaphysicians.” -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1977: 349.

2. 最后，谈一谈反对派经常提出的但是不一定经常得到满意答复的一个问题。他们时常问道：我们反对派反映的是谁的情绪呢？我认为反对派反映的是我们党内非无产阶级成分的情绪。我认为反对派不由自主地做了我们党内非无产阶级分子情绪的不自觉的传播者，也许他们自己没有意识到这一点。我认为反对派无限制地鼓吹他们常常加以绝对化和偶像化的民主，就是放纵小资产阶级的自发势力。——《斯大林全集（第六卷）》，1956：18

2. Lastly, a question which the opposition keeps raising and to which, apparently, they do not always receive a satisfactory reply. The opposition often asks: Whose sentiments do we, the opposition, express? I believe that the opposition expresses the sentiments of the non--proletarian section of our Party. I believe that the opposition, perhaps unconsciously and involuntarily, serves as the unwitting vehicle of the sentiments of the non--proletarian elements in our Party. I believe that the opposition, in its unrestrained agitation for democracy, which it so often makes into an absolute and a fetish, is unleashing petty-bourgeois elemental forces. -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 6), 1953: 25.

3. 我们的意见分歧也很少涉及在工会和整个工人阶级中建立劳动纪律的必要性问题。有人说我们党内有一部分人“放松了缰绳”，因而使群众受自发势力的玩弄，这是一种未加思考的说法。党员在工会中和工会在工人阶级中的领导作用始终是无可争辩的真理。——《斯大林全集（第五卷）》，1957：5

3. Nor do we disagree about the necessity of labour discipline in the trade unions and in the working class generally. The talk about a section of our Party “letting the reins slip out of its hands,” and leaving the masses to the play of elemental forces, is foolish. The fact that Party elements play the leading role in the trade unions and that the trade unions play the leading role in the working class remains indisputable. -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5), 1953: 4-5.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
粮食统购统销政策能有效的切断农民跟市场的联系，有效抑制农村自发势力，加强对农民和农业的社会主义改造。——《粮食统购统销制度形成的原因和影响研究》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2011
Monopoly for purchase and marketing policy can effectively cut off the farmers with market linkages, effectively inhibited the spontaneous forces in rural areas, and strengthen the socialist transformation of farmers and agriculture.

例句 2：
又由于他们是作为所谓自发势力的对立面出现的，在文学作品中具有特殊的符号功能，被迫割断了与历史文化传统的联系。——“合作化小说人物形象新不如旧原因新探”，载于《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2002年第6期
Again, as they appeared as the opposite of spontaneous forces, in terms of symbol function in literary creations, they are forced to cutoff the linkwith historical and cultural tradition.

例句 3：
通过采取惩治盗窃、抢劫、破坏公共设施等各种社会犯罪活动，与小资产阶级自发势力作斗争、克服无产阶级队伍中无组织无纪律、涣散松懈等现象，维护了社会安全。——《列宁国家安全思想及现实启示》，山东师范大学博士学位论文，2014
By taking the punishment of theft, robbery, damage public facilities such as a variety of social crimes, to fight petty bourgeoisie spontaneous forces, no organization and discipline in overcoming the ranks of the proletariat, the phenomenon such as godparents, lax, maintaining the social security.