字词 | 考茨基主义 |
释义 | 考茨基主义【英】Kautskyism译文来源Stalin, J. V. J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5) [M]. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1953: 7. 定义考茨基主义为第二国际内以“中派”面目出现的机会主义思潮。以其主要代表考茨基而得名。它鼓吹超阶级的国家观,反对打碎资产阶级国家机器和无产阶级暴力革命,认为在资本主义国家里,武装斗争没有存在的必要。宣扬在资产阶级民主制度下,可以“使用和平的经济、法律和道德的手段”,通过“人道主义和民主的道路”取得议会多数,“和平地”过渡到社会主义(考茨基主义.via: http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=eslzURf_7pCpfwje-6QAMc3fAvzGzzKXjil9Q9VdvHW98EcjAT67aFmOBBkByiQcWlADOR57IGWkZCfjuB5T-a)。主张在社会主义国家实行“纯粹民主”和资产阶级的“自由、平等、博爱”,反对无产阶级专政,提出“超帝国主义论”,否认帝国主义是垄断的、腐朽的、垂死的资本主义,认为垄断发展的趋势,将是由国内垄断发展到全世界的垄断,最后走向全世界托拉斯,那时,世界就进入了消灭战争,实现“持久和平”的“新纪元”。标榜站在左派和右派之间的“中派”立场,要求保持“党内统一”和“党内和平”。第一次世界大战爆发后,考茨基主义曾是国际共产主义运动中最危险的思潮,列宁在《帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段》、《国家与革命》、《无产阶级革命和叛徒考茨基》等著作中,给以彻底的批判(考茨基主义.via:http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89)。 定义来源[1] 考茨基主义.via: http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=eslzURf_7pCpfwje-6QAMc3fAvzGzzKXjil9Q9VdvHW98EcjAT67aFmOBBkByiQcWlADOR57IGWkZCfjuB5T-a 例句1. 托洛茨基在一个文件中说道:“把军事方法(命令、惩罚)和工会方法(解释、宣传、自动精神)单纯地对立起来就是考茨基主义、孟什维主义和社会革命党的偏见……在工人国家中把劳动组织和军事组织对立起来就是可耻地向考茨基主义投降。”——《斯大林全集(第五卷)》,1957:7 1. Trotsky writes in one of his documents: “The bare contrasting of military methods (orders, punishment) with trade-union methods (explanation, propaganda, independent activity) is a manifestation of Kautskian-Menshevik-Socialist- Revolutionary prejudices… The very contrasting of labour organisations with military organisation in a workers’ state is shameful surrender to Kautskyism.” -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5), 1953: 7. 2. 把“考茨基主义”、“孟什维主义”等废话撇开不谈,很明显,托洛茨基不了解工人组织和军事组织之间的差别,不了解在消除了战争和恢复工业的时期把军事方法同民主方法(工会方法)对立起来是必要的、不可避免的,因而把军事方法搬到工会中来是错误的、有害的。——《斯大林全集(第五卷)》,1957:7 2. Disregarding the irrelevant talk about “Kautskyism”, “Menshevism” and so forth, it is evident that Trotsky fails to understand the difference between labour organisations and military organisations, that he fails to understand that in the period of the termination of the war and the revival of industry it becomes necessary, inevitable, to contrast military with democratic (trade-union) methods, and that, therefore, to transfer military methods into the trade unions is a mistake, is harmful. -Quoted from J. Stalin Works (Vol. 5), 1953: 7. 3. 附言:在刚刚出版的1916年3月3日的《新时代》杂志上,考茨基公开向最肮脏的德意志沙文主义的代表奥斯特尔利茨伸出基督徒的和解之手。但为了向兴登堡和威廉二世效劳,却承认俄属波兰有这种自由,考茨基否认哈布斯堡王朝的奥地利的被压迫民族有分离自由,这是考茨基主义自我揭露的再好不过的事例!——《列宁全集(第二十七卷)》,1990:271 3. Postscript. In Die Neue Zeit for March 3, 1916, which has just appeared, Kautsky openly holds out the hand of Christian reconciliation to Austerlitz, a representative of the foulest German chauvinism, rejecting freedom of separation for the oppressed nations of Hapsburg Austria but recognising it for Russian Poland, as a menial service to Hindenburg and Wilhelm II. One could not have wished for a better self-exposure of Kautskyism! -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 22), 1974: 156. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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