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字词 社会总产品
释义

社会总产品【英】

the aggregate social product; the aggregate product of society; the total social product

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1997: 147.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1997: 432
[3] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998: 172.

定义

社会总产品指一个国家或地区,在一定时期(通常为一年)内农业、工业、建筑业、运输邮电业、商业五个物质生产部门的劳动者所生产的全部产品的总和。社会总产品反映了一定时期内社会生产活动的总成果,它是计划工作中研究经济发展规模、速度和比例关系的一项重要指标。
社会总产品有两种表现形态,即实物形态和价值形态。实物形态表现为各物质生产部门生产的全部生产资料和消费资料。价值形态即以货币表示的社会总产品,它由三个部分构成:(1)物质生产部门在生产过程中消耗掉的生产资料价值;(2)物质生产部门劳动为个人消费需要所创造的产品价值;(3)物质生产部门劳动者为社会需要所创造的产品价值。前一部分是原有价值的转移,后两部分是物质生产部门的劳动者新创造的价值。
国民收入是社会总产品的一部分。用它反映社会发展速度、社会经济效益和国家经济实力都比较实在和准确。因为它能够扣除重复计划,能真实地反映社会劳动成果。社会再生产过程,实际上就是社会总产品和国民收入运动过程。正确制定社会总产品和国民收入计划具有重要意义(社会总产品.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%bb%e4%ba%a7%e5%93%81&korder=0&sel=1)。

定义来源

社会总产品.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%bb%e4%ba%a7%e5%93%81&korder=0&sel=1

例句

1. 因此,商品储备本身(即产品的商品形式的独立和固定),即使在生产规模不变的情况下,也会随着资本主义生产一同增大。我们已经知道,这只是储备的形式变换,也就是说,在这一方面,储备在商品形式上所以增大,是因为在那一方面,它在直接的生产储备和消费储备形式上减少了。这只是储备的社会形式的变化。如果商品储备同社会总产品相比,不仅它的相对量增大,而且它的绝对量也同时增大,那末,这是因为总产品的量随着资本主义生产一同增大了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十四卷)》,1972:161-162

1. We have seen above that this is merely a change of form of the supply, that is to say, the supply in the form of commodities increases on the one hand because on the other the supply in the form intended directly for production or consumption decreases. It is merely a changed social form of the supply. If at the same time it is not only the relative magnitude of the commodity supply compared with the aggregate social product that increases but also its absolute magnitude, that is so because the mass of the aggregate product grows with the growth of capitalist production. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36), 1997: 147-148.

2. 当我们讲到社会的考察方法,也就是考察既包括社会资本的再生产也包括个人消费的社会总产品的时候,绝不可陷入蒲鲁东从资产阶级经济学那里抄袭来的方法,而把问题看成是,好象一个具有资本主义生产方式的社会,只要作为一个整体来考察,便会失掉它这种独特的历史的经济的性质。正好相反,在这里,我们要研究总体资本家。总资本表现为所有单个资本家的股份资本的总和。这个股份公司和其他许多股份公司有一个共同点:每个人都知道自己投入什么,但是不知道自己取出什么。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十四卷)》,1972:483-484

2. Speaking from the point of view of society, and therefore considering the aggregate product of society, which comprises both the reproduction of social capital and individual consumption, we must not lapse into the manner copied by Proudhon from bourgeois economy and look upon this matter as though a society with a capitalist mode of production, if viewed en bloc, as a totality, would lose this its specific historical and economic character. No, on the contrary. We have, in that case, to deal with the aggregate capitalist. The aggregate capital appears as the capital stock of all individual capitalists combined. This joint-stock company has in common with many other stock companies that everyone knows what he puts in, but not what he will get out of it. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36), 1997: 432.

3. 因此,利润率在一切生产部门都是一样的,也就是说,是同资本的平均构成占统治地位的中等生产部门的利润率相等的。因此,一切不同生产部门的利润的总和,必然等于剩余价值的总和;社会总产品的生产价格的总和,必然等于它的价值的总和。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十五卷)》,1974:193

3. Hence, the rate of profit is the same in all spheres of production, for it is equalised on the basis of those average spheres of production which has the average composition of capital. Consequently, the sum of the profits in all spheres of production must equal the sum of the surplus values, and the sum of the prices of production of the total social product equal the sum of its value. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 37), 1998: 172.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思的《哥达纲领批判》对社会主义社会的共享发展进行了全面的论述和科学的论证,蕴含着深邃的共享发展思想,其主要内容有:社会主义社会主客观生产要素的分配是全体社会成员共享发展的制度基础,联合劳动生产的社会总产品是全体社会成员共享发展的物质基础,社会总产品的社会扣除和按劳分配是全体社会成员共享发展的实现机制,共同富裕是全体社会成员共享发展的必然结果。——“马克思是如何论证共享发展的——读《哥达纲领批判》的体会”,载于《中国浦东干部学院学报》2016年第3期
The Critique of the Gotha Programme written by Marx has made a full and scientific demonstration of shared development of socialist society. It embodies profound vision on shared development and includes following contents: the distribution of production in socialist society serves as an institutional foundation for everyone to share the fruit of development; the aggregate social product made by joint labor is the material base of shared development; the social deduction and distribution according to work serve as the implementation mechanism of shared development for all the members of society; common prosperity is an inevitable outcome of everyone’s sharing of development.

例句 2:
在《资本论》中,马克思将流通按其对象(客体)划分为商品流通、货币流通、资本流通和社会总资本流通四大类,他创造性地将社会的总生产,从而社会的总产品,分成两大部类,两大部类之间以及不同生产部门之间不断地进行交换形成社会总资本的不断流通,有三个等式,反映着国民经济中三个最重要的平衡关系,也可以说三个最重要的流通渠道。——“对马克思流通理论的再学习、再认识”,载于《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2014年第7期
According to the differences of objects, Marx had divided circulations into four categories ----commodity circulation, currency circulation, capital circulation and the

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