字词 | 后现代主义 |
释义 | 后现代主义【英】post-modernism译文来源Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 12. 定义后现代主义,是指20世纪上半叶以来哲学上的反对主体性、主张主体客体对立的哲学思潮(朱贻庭,2011:703)。后现代主义对现代主义的以个人主体为中心的观点提出反对,主张主体客体二元论(金炳华,2003:1057)。在认识上,后现代主义追求认识的确定性、明晰性、结构性、普遍性和整体性。后现代主义认为,语词所指的独立存在的实体对象在现实中并不存在,可以作为某种思想中心的自我在现实中也是不存在的;客体和主体具有联系,主体是具有多样性的并且存在对立与差异的认识结构中的一个单位;认识结构的多元与变化结合为认识总体的有机历程;后现代主义主张,要专注于知识的局限、断裂和非稳定性等特征,将知识看成一种相对的发展历程,相反,不能追求一种固定的认识结构(朱贻庭等,2011:703)。在关于社会的理论上,后现代主义不承认作为社会发展中心的运动与生活态度的存在;后现代主义支持社会变革,认为社会在发生各种分化,人在社会中的角色也在相互融合,发生进化,因而社会更具有多样性(金炳华,2003:1057)。在政治上,后现代主义主张以横向联系的网络组织代替科层制度,从上下层的管理转向平面的交流(朱贻庭,2011:703)。在道德上,后现代主义重视道德的多元化以及道德与环境的联系,对凝固的道德教条提出反对(金炳华,2003:1057)。在宗教上,后现代主义关心人们心理上的焦虑和绝望等现象,并试图以各种宗教的调和代替传统宗教的对立(朱贻庭,2011:703)。后现代主义的哲学思潮的主要代表人物包括德国尼采、海德格尔以及法国德里达等人(金炳华,2003:1057)。 定义来源[1] 朱贻庭.伦理学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2011. 例句1. 拉克劳和墨菲的《霸权与社会主义战略》是一本极富争议的著作。现在,我们开始讨论这本书所引起的争论,包括他们与诺曼·杰拉斯(Norman Geras)在《新左派评论》杂志上的相互攻讦。《霸权与社会主义战略》试图在一些新抗议运动在全球各地兴起以及后结构主义和后现代主义等新文化理论兴起的环境下重新界定马克思主义,为后马克思主义自身作为一种重要理论立场的发展提供了一个焦点:正如一位批评者所言,后马克思主义规划是对其时代的“完美全景勾画”(beautifully paradigmatic)。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:19 1. We turn now to the debate sparked off by Laclau and Mouffe’s highly controversial study Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, including their rancorous exchange with Norman Geras in the pages of New Left Review. The book sought to redefine Marxism in the context of the rise of several new protest movements around the globe, as well as that of new cultural theories such as post-structuralism and post-modernism, and provided a focal point for the development of post-Marxism as an important theoretical position in its own right: as one critic put it, the project was ‘beautifully paradigmatic’ for its time. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 12. 2. 后结构主义与后现代主义遭到了不同马克思主义思想家的攻击;詹姆逊或许是英语世界中最著名的攻击者。对詹姆逊来说,后现代主义是“晚期资本主义的文化逻辑”;尽管他对在后现代主义名义下出现的艺术作品相当情,但是他不那么相信后现代主义作为一般文化理论的价值,“后现代主义并不是一个全新社会秩序的文化导……而是资本主义本身另一次系统修正的反映和产物”。就其本身而言,后现代主义与其说是一种理论,不如说是一系列症候。詹姆逊认为,从文化上来说我们正处于过渡状态,并且后现代主义是我们对那种他几乎没有什么热情的状况的反应,“然而,我们自己仍处于低谷之中,谁都不能确定我们在那里会呆多久”。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:70-71 2. Post-structuralism and postmodernism have come under attack from various Marxist thinkers; perhaps most notably in the English-speaking world from Fredric Jameson. To Jameson, postmodernism is ‘the cultural logic of late capitalism’, and although he is relatively enthusiastic about the works of art that appear under the name of postmodernism, he is less convinced by its value as a general cultural theory: ‘postmodernism is not the cultural dominant of a wholly new social order…but only the reflex and the concomitant of yet another systemic modification of capitalism itself.’ Postmodernism is to be regarded more as a set of symptoms than a theory as such. Jameson sees us as being in a transitional state, culturally speaking, and postmodernism as part of our reaction to a condition for which he can muster little enthusiasm: ‘we ourselves are still in the trough, however, and no one can say how long we still stay there.’ -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 45. 3. 所以,德里达不得不明确表明自己对马克思的态度。这是一种重要的思想界划,因为在西方晚期马克思主义者眼中,后现代主义的激进反叛无疑是后工业晚期资本主义的阴险帮凶。德里达必须洗刷自己的清白,他首先要证明自己不是后现代主义,更不是一个真的忘却了马克思在场的人。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:277 3. Therefore, it was necessary for Derrida to make clear his attitude towards Marx; in a crucial ideological elucidation. In the eyes of the late Western Marxists, the radical revolt of post-modernism is without doubt the sinister conspirator of postindustrial Capitalism. Derrida must demonstrate his innocence. He needs to prove that, first of all, he does not belong to post-modernism and that he cannot forget the presence of Marx. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 366. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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