利益【英】

interest

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 32.

定义

利益是人们在日常生活中通过社会关系表现出来的不同的需要。利益是一个多层次的体系。在内容上，可划分为物质利益和精神利益；在时间上，可划分为当前利益和长远利益；在范围上，可划分为个人利益、集体利益、社会利益；还可分为国家利益、民族利益、阶级利益等（金炳华等，2001：842）。就同一利益而言，又有根本利益与非根本利益、直接利益与间接利益的区别。利益在本质上是一个社会关系范畴。在各种利益中，最重要、最基本的是物质利益，它是决定其他各种利益的基础。“在阶级社会，不同的阶级对利益有着不同的理解和追求。一切剥削阶级的利益都是建立在对广大劳动人民群众剥削的基础土的，他们追求豪华、奢侈、淫荡的物质生活。无产阶级的利益观与此相反，它是建立在劳动人民全体利益及社会的发展上的，它的追求也与一切剥削阶级相反”（王建民，1991：275）。利益是人们最敏感的问题。它是推动人们为改造现实世界所进行的自觉斗争的动因。人们的思想和行动，都与自身和社会的利益分不开。马克思曾说：“人们奋斗所争取的一切，都同他们的利益有关”（中共中央编译局，2002：82）。帮助人们树立正确的利益观念，正确认识和处理各种利益关系，使各种利益最佳结合，是我们各项工作的出发点和归宿，是推动社会协调发展的关键。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 王建民.政治工作大词典[Z].军事科学出版社，1991.
[3] 中共中央编译局.马克思恩格斯全集（第一卷）[M].人民出版社，2002.

例句

1. 我国是统一的多民族国家，巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系，是全国各族人民的根本利益和共同责任。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，加大对欠发达的民族地区支持力度，扶持人口较少民族发展，推进兴边富民行动，保护和发展少数民族优秀传统文化及特色村镇，促进各民族交往交流交融。组织好西藏自治区成立50周年和新疆维吾尔自治区成立60周年庆祝活动。各族人民和睦相处、和衷共济、和谐发展，中华民族大家庭一定会更加繁荣昌盛、幸福安康。——《2015年政府工作报告》

1. China is a unified country of many ethnic groups. Working to enhance and develop socialist ethnic relations featuring equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony is the joint responsibility and in the fundamental interests of everyone. We will uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, increase support for underdeveloped areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, and aid the growth of ethnic minorities with smaller populations. We will work to boost development in border regions and improve living standards there. We will see to it that the fine traditional culture of our ethnic minorities and distinctively ethnic villages and towns are preserved and developed, and promote interaction, communication, and integration between ethnic groups. We will work to successfully mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. With people of all our ethnic groups living together as one, sharing in a common cause, and developing together in harmony, the big family of the Chinese nation will enjoy greater prosperity, peace, and happiness. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2015.

2. 一个民族的生产力发展的水平，最明显地表现在该民族分工的发展程度上。任何新的生产力都会引起分工的进一步发展，因为它不仅仅是现有生产力的量的增加（例如开垦新的土地）。某一民族内部的分工，首先引起工商业劳动和农业劳动的分离，从而也引起城乡的分离和城乡利益的对立。分工的进一步发展导致商业劳动和工业劳动的分离。同时，由于这些不同部门内部的分工，在某一劳动部门共同劳动的个人之间的分工也愈来愈细致了。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）：德意志意识形态》，1956：25

2. How far the productive forces of a nation are developed is shown most manifestly by the degree to which the division of labour has been carried. Each new productive force, insofar as it is not merely a quantitative extension of productive forces already known (for instance, the bringing into cultivation of fresh land), causes a further development of the division of labour. The division of labour inside a nation leads at first to the separation of industrial and commercial from agricultural labour, and hence to the separation of town and country and to the conflict of their interests. Its further development leads to the separation of commercial from. At the same time through the division of labour inside these various branches there develop various divisions among the individuals co-operating in definite kinds of labour. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 32.

3. 蒲鲁东在否定私有财产的同时，也感觉到需要对私有财产的存在作历史的辩解。像所有这一类最初的尝试一样，蒲鲁东的论断也带有实用的性质，这就是说，他假定过去的各代人都是完全自觉地和深思熟虑地努力把他认为真正代表人类本质的平等思想体现在自己的各种制度中。“我们一再地提起这一点......蒲鲁东是为了无产者的利益而写作的。是的，激励蒲鲁东去写作的不是自满自足的批判的利益，不是抽象的，人为的利益，而是群众的、现实的、历史的利益，是超过简单的批判的利益，也就是导致危机的利益。蒲鲁东不单是为了无产者的利益而写作，他本人就是无产者，ouvrie（工人）。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二卷）：神圣家族》，1957：50-51

3. While negating private property, Proudhon feels the need to justify the existence of private property historically. His argument, like all first arguments of this kind, is pragmatic, i.e., he assumes that earlier generations wished consciously and with reflection to realise in their institutions that equality which for him represents the human essence. “We always come back to the same thing…Proudhon writes in the interest of the proletarians.” He does not write in the interest of self-sufficient Criticism or out of any abstract, self-made interest, but out of a mass-type, real, historic interest, an interest that goes beyond criticism, that will go as far as a crisis. Not only does Proudhon write in the interest of the proletarians, he is himself a proletarian, an ouvrier. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4): The Holy Family, 1975: 41.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
财产保险利益是保险法上的一项基本原则，具有重大的理论和实践意义。——《财产保险利益研究》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
Property insurable interest is a basic principle in insurance law with great theoretical and practical significance.

例句 2：
就保险利益与海上货物保险合同的效力和转让提出立法建议，并对保险利益的转让、保险标的的转让、保险合同的转让做了比较分析。——《论海上货物保险之保险利益》，大连海事大学硕士学位论文，2003

例句 3：
立法作为一种具有强制力和普遍性的社会规范产生于利益的冲突与调适之中，其基本功能在于实现多元利益冲突的权威性选择。——《现代立法中的利益衡量——以个体主义方法论为研究视角》，吉林大学博士学位论文，2005