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字词 公有制
释义

公有制【英】

public ownership

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 85.

定义

生产资料归劳动者共同占有的形式。劳动产品也归集体共同占有,人们在生产中处于平等的地位和关系。公有制是私有制的对称。公有制的产生,最早是在原始社会。原始社会的公有制,是由当时极其低下的生产力水平决定的。当时,人们抵御自然、征服自然的能力极为有限,单个人无力进行生产和活动,不得不依靠集体的力量,集体共同占有生产资料,集体共同劳动,共同占有劳动成果。原始社会末期,随着生产力的发展,社会分工和交换的扩大,劳动生产率的提高,剩余产品的出现,以及个体劳动的盛行,原始公有制逐渐解体,为私有制所代替。
 私有制出现以后,经历了奴隶主私有制、封建主私有制和资本主义私有制。资本主义私有制的发展的结果,势必同生产的日益社会化发生对抗性矛盾,从而导致资本主义私有制的灭亡。代替资本主义私有制的,是生产资料的社会主义公有制。
 社会主义公有制是无产阶级用暴力革命推翻资产阶级统治以后,通过对大资本的剥夺、对小私有制的社会主义改造建立起来的。在现阶段,社会主义公有制采取全民所有制和集体所有制两种形式。原始社会公有制和社会主义公有制的共同特点是:劳动者共同占有生产资料;社会上没有任何人可以凭借对生产资料的占有权来占有别人的剩余劳动;劳动者在劳动中是一种平等的相互关系;劳动产品也归劳动者集体共同占有。但是,原始公有制和社会主义公有制是社会生产力发展不同阶段的产物,它们之间存在本质的差别。原始公有制是社会生产力极不发达的产物,而社会主义公有制是建立在社会化大生产的物质基础之上的。因此,社会主义公有制的出现,是人类历史的一次质的飞跃,人们第一次成为自然界的自觉的和真正的主人。社会主义公有制,消灭了资本主义生产关系和生产力的对抗性矛盾,从而为社会生产力的迅速发展提供了广阔的前景。(卢之超等,1993:223.)

定义来源

卢之超,赵穗明.马克思主义大辞典[Z].中国和平出版社,1993.

例句

1. 第二,关于坚持和完善基本经济制度。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度,关系巩固和发展中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:78

1. Second, adhering to and improving the basic economic system. The basic economic system with public ownership playing a leading role and all forms of ownership growing side by side is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 85.

2. 改革开放以来,我国所有制结构逐步调整.公有制经济和非公有制经济在发展经济、促进就业等方面的比重不断变化,增强了经济社会发展活力。在这种情况下,如何更好体现和坚持公有制主体地位,进一步探索基本经济制度有效实现形式,是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:78

2. Since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy in 1978 the structure of ownership has undergone gradual adjustment, with the weights of the public and non-public sectors changing in their contribution to the economy and employment. The economy and society have grown more vigorous during this process. In such conditions, how to better recognize the leading role of public ownership and stick to this position and how to further explore the effective forms for materializing the basic economic system have become major topics for us. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 85.

3. 全会决定坚持和发展党的十五大以来有关论述,提出要积极发展混合所有制经济,强调国有资本、集体资本、非公有资本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制经济,是基本经济制度的重要实现形式,有利于固有资本放大功能、保值增值、提高竞争力。这是新形势下坚持公有制主体地位,增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力的一个有效途径和必然选择。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:78

3. Adhering to and furthering the relevant deliberations made since the Party's 15th National Congress,the Decision proposes to vigorously develop the mixed-ownership economy. It stresses such an economy, with cross-shareholding by and integration of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital is important to materialize the basic economic system of China. It will help to improve the functions of state-owned capital, maintain and increase its value and raise its competitiveness. It is an effective channel and inevitable choice for us to adhere to the leading role of public ownership and improve the vitality, leveraging power and impact of the state-owned economy in the new conditions. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 86.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
改革开放后,邓小平在有中国特色社会主义建设实践过程中,形成了以公有制经济为主体,非公有制经济为有益补充,大力发展个体和私营经济,积极利用外资为核心内容的非公有制经济思想。——“邓小平非公有制经济思想的科学内涵及其时代价值”,载于《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012年03期
After the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping, in the practice of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics, has gradually developed his ideas on non-public economy, that is, keeping public ownership as the mainstay of the economy, complemented by non-public sectors, striving to develop private and individual sectors and actively absorbing foreign investment.

例句2:
本文认为,要实现公有制与市场经济的结合,不仅应当改变原有公有制的实现形式,而且应当实现公有制形式的重大变革,构造崭新的市场型公有制形式。——“论实现我国公有制形式的重大变革”,载于《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2001年04期
In this paper, in order to combine public-owned system and market-oriented economy, we should not only reform the former forms of the public-owned system economy, but also establish a brand new form for the market-style public-owned system economy.

例句3:
十月革命推翻了地主资产阶级的统治,建立了人民当家做主的苏维埃政权,废除旧的生产资料私有制,建立新的生产资料公有制和经济管理体制,实现了俄国社会大变革。——“牢记十月革命的历史贡献——兼谈实事求是地评价十月革命”,载于《南京政治学院学报》2017年01期
The October Revolution overthrew the rule of the landlords and bourgeoisie, established the Soviet regime with the people as its masters, abolished the old private ownership of the means of production, established a new public ownership of the means of production and e

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:52:09