勾笛【英】

Goudi Flute (Flute with hook)

定义

唐代乐器。竹制，管状，横形演奏。主要特征是在管的吹孔下方靠左端处有一“勾”状物在笛身上，类似挂衣服之挂勾。“勾”是利用竹管自然竹叉经过画家予以加工美化而成，它比横笛多了一个“勾”，故称勾笛。“勾”只具装饰性功能，同时，也便于携带和保存。这是美学观念的情趣体现，勾笛在史书中未见记载，而在敦煌壁画唐代洞窟中却有大量反映，约26件之多，有的出现在经变乐队中，有的出现在自鸣乐中，如第159窟(中唐)南壁上部自鸣乐中的一件勾笛最具代表性，可以说是这件乐器的精品，第154窟北窟《报恩经变》乐队中的勾笛完整清晰，音孔、吹孔十分清楚，勾状颇为独特。勾笛造型美观，它的产生增加了吹奏乐器的品种，因勾笛在史书中未见有记载，隋、唐《七部乐》、《九部乐》、《十部乐》亦无运用，可能是敦煌本土产生的一种乐器。

Goudi Flute (Flute with hook)A bamboo musical instrument of Tang Dynasty with tubes. When playing it, the musician shall hold it horizontally. There is a “hook” on the left bottom below the blowing hole. This “hook” is processed by the painter based on the naturally grown branch of the bamboo. This “hook” is made for aesthetics and for portability and reservation as well. Though there is no recording of Goudi Flute in historical books, it appears in the frescoes of Tang Dynasty in great numbers. There are altogether 26 Goudi Flutes, some of which in sutra illustration bands and some in self-playing musical instruments. For example, the most representative and exquisite Goudi Flute is on the south wall of Cave No.159 (Middle Tang Dynasty). The band in the Gratitude Sutra Illustration of the north wall of Cave No.154 is complete with sound holes and blowing holes clearly depicted. And the hook of the flute is unique in its shape. This beautiful instrument has enriched the variety of musical instruments. As there is no recording in historical books and no employment in the Seven Ensembles, Nine Ensembles and Ten Ensembles, it is speculated that this flute is native to Dunhuang district.