| 固 | 634A45 41.41-1 | 部居  | 畫數 8 | ㄍㄨˋ [gu4] | ||
| N. | A surname. | |||||
| V.i. & t. | (1) V.i., become solid: 凝固 solidify, 固結 [gu4jie2]↓. (2) V.t., strengthen, defend: 鞏固 consolidate, strengthen; 固國不以山谿之險 it's not high mountains and deep valleys that best serve to defend a country. | |||||
| Adj. | (1) Solid, firm: 堅固 strong; 牢固 secure; 固體 [gu4ti3]↓. (2) Stable: 固定 [gu4ding4]↓; 國可以固 (LL) then the country can have peace and stability. (3) Obstinate, stubborn, insistent, resolute, steadfast: 固執 [gu4zhi0]↓; 固請 an insistent request or invitation; 固辭 resolute refusal; 固留 insist on s.o. to stay; 固持己見 self-opinionated; 頑固 die-hard, stubborn, unyielding. (4) Base, mean, ignorant: 君子謂之固 (LL) a superior man would call it mean; 固陋 [gu4lou4]↓. (5) Chronic: 固疾 [gu4ji2]↓. | |||||
| Adv. | (1) Originally, certainly, assuredly: 固有 [gu4you3], 固然 [gu4ran0], 固守 [gu4shou3]↓. (2) Indeed, once upon a time: 臣固聞之 your humble servant heard it said once upon a time that…; 固有之矣 yes, it did happen indeed; 仁人固如是乎 is that the way of a worthy man? | |||||
| Words | 1. 固定 [gu4ding4], adj., fixed, stationary, unshakable: 固定資本 fixed capital (opp. 流動資本 circulating or floating capital). 2. 固結 [gu4jie2], v.i. & adj., (become) solidified, tied up. 3. 固疾 [gu4ji2], n., a chronic disease (＝痼疾). 4. 固執 [gu4zhi0], adj. & adv., (1) stubborn(ly), obstinate(ly), unyielding(ly); (2) ([gu4zhi2]) steadfast(ly): 擇善固執 choose what is good and hold to it fast; adj. & adv., (3) v.i. & t., to stick to (one's opinion), obstinate. 5. 固陋 [gu4lou4], adj., ignorant, vulgar, rustic, provincial. 6. 固然 [gu4ran0], adj. & adv., (1) assured(ly), certain(ly), doubtless: 事有必至，理有固然 it is bound to happen－is logical and natural; adj. & adv., (2) adv. & conj., though, it is true that…: 你這樣做，固然不錯 granted that (it is true that) the way you do it is right, still…. 7. 固守 [gu4shou3], (1) v.i. & t., keep without change, to stand one's ground 固守成規 stick to old rules; (2) adj., conservative. 8. 固實 [gu4shi2], n., (＝故實) past precedents. 9. 固體 [gu4ti3], n., (phys.) a solid (body) (opp. 液體，氣體 a liquid, gas). 10. 固有 [gu4you3], adj. & adv., proper(ly), original(ly): 固有名詞 (gram.) proper nouns (opp. 普通名詞 common nouns); 固有權 inherent or original rights; 固有此說 originally there was such a theory or assumption, it was originally so stated; 固有道德 traditional ethics. | |||||