| 字词 | 故 |
| 释义 | »» 故 gù MC kuH 1. reason, cause, purpose; e.g. 無故 wúgù, for no good reason, without cause; 君以弄馬之故 jūn yǐ nòngmǎ zhi gù, the sovereign, because of his love of horses . . . a. grammaticalized to phrase-initial attributive GP meaning “for this reason” > “therefore”; e.g. 吾少也賤，故多能鄙事 wú shǎo yě jiàn, gù néng bǐshì, when I was young, we were impecunious, therefore I became adept at many menial services; 所惡有甚於死者，故患有所不辟也 suǒ wù yǒu shèn yú sǐ zhě, gù huàn yǒu suǒ bùbì yě, among things that I detest there are those worse than dying, therefore, as for grievous sufferings, there are things I will not run away from. b. therefore > assuredly, affirmedly, certainly, surely; e.g. 故王之不王，不爲也，非不能也 gù wáng zhī bùwàng, bùwéi yě, fēi bùnéng yě, Most assuredly, the king’s not ruling like a proper king is a matter of simply not doing it, it is not a matter of his not being able; 故二十取一而足也 gù èrshí qǔ yī ér zú yě, to be sure, taking (a tax of) one part in twenty, that is sufficient. c. 是故 shìgù, 以故 yǐgù, as sentence- or phrase-initial: for this reason, on this account; e.g. 是故惡夫佞者 shìgù wù fú nìng zhě, For this reason I detest anyone of those glibtongued people; 其言不讓，是故哂之 qí yán bùràng, shìgù shěn zhī, his words were not deferential, on account of this I smiled at him. d. (med.) 因 . . . 故 yīn X gù, 由 . . . 故 yóu X gù, 用 . . . 故 yòng X gù, because of X, for the reason of X. e. (med.) in Budd. trns.s, occurring at end of statement to indicate it is affirmed as so—“truly thus; indeed.” 2. be intent on (doing X), intentionally, purposefully, deliberately. 3. event, happening; esp. unforeseen event, accident, mishap. 4. old, familiar, long-time (ant. 新 xīn, new, fresh); e.g. 故人 gùrén, old friend (in closeness of friendship, not in chronological age); 故事 gùshì, precedents, former occurrences. a. (med.) sgl. or 故自 gùzì, still, yet (< as of old). b. (med.) usu., normally, most often. 5. deceive, deceit(ful), esp. in early texts regarding character assessment.
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