| 字词 | 史 |
| 释义 | »» 史 shǐ MC sriX 1. term used for a wide range of functionaries charged with duties pertaining to writing or inscriptions. a. ritualist, high dignitary responsible in W. Zhou times for ceremonial presentation of written texts during court rituals; clerk, low-level post responsible in late Warring States and early imperial times for keeping and recording local government documents; scribe, even lower-level post responsible for simple copying of documents. b. historian, archivist, astrologer, in early imperial times an official responsible for storing and organizing of documents pertaining to the past and present functioning of government, incl. records of celestial phenomena; by Tang times, more fully a historian, with activities centered in the Historiographical Office (shiguan 史官; the latter term also then a general ref. to all officials engaged in writing of history, regardless of rank or bureau to which they were assigned). c. 內史 nèishǐ, variously a royal secretary or, up to Tang times, metropolitan superintendant of capital city; 刺史 cìshǐ, up to Sui times an irregularly appointed supervisory official of a specified region; in Sui-Tang times, prefect, chief official of a “prefecture” (zhou 州). 2. historical text, historical record; annals; history. a. (med.) one of 4 major bibliographic groupings of writings (the other 3 being jing 經, zi 子, ji 集). 3. fussiness in lit. style, pedantry, over-scrupulosity, pretension; e.g. 文勝質則史 wén shèng zhí zé shǐ, when ornament prevails over substance, you have pedantry. 4. (med.) surname, usu. of Sogdians from Kish.
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