| 字词 | 非 |
| 释义 | »» 非 fēi MC pj+j 1. negate, deny, gainsay; consider wrong. 2. generic negative GP for nominal sentences, negates an identity: (is) not; e.g. 回也非助我者也 húi yě fēi zhù wǒ zhě yě, Hui is not someone who aids me; 我非生而知之者也wǒ fēi shēng ér zhīzhīzhě yě, I am not someone who knows about it from birth. a. negates a category identification in nominal sentences: (is) not [of a certain category or kind]; e.g. 殺一無罪非仁也 shā yī wú zuì fēi rén yě, killing even one innocent person is not [a kind of] humaneness; 非人所能也 fēi rén suǒnéng yě, it is not the kind of thing that a person is able to do. N.B. the distinction between 1 and 1a is often subtle; e.g. 非周公之行，非孔子之言也 fēi zhōugōng zhī xíng, fēi kǒngzǐ zhī yán yě, it is neither the behavior of the Duke of Zhou nor the speech of Confucius, i.e. it is not the Duke of Zhou’s kind of behavior nor Confucius’s kind of speech. b. negates an associative identification in nominal sentences: (is) not to be associated with, is not due to; e.g. 無是非之心非人也 wúshìfēi zhī xīn fēi rén yě, a heart that lacks a sense of right and wrong is not associated with a humane person; 王之不王非不能也 wáng zhī búwàng fēi bùnéng yě the king’s not ruling as a proper king is not due to not being able to. 3. coming between the SUBJ and predicate of a verbal sentence, negates the propositional substance of the sentence: it is not that; e.g. 我非愛其財也 wǒ fēi ài qí cái yě, It is not that I begrudged its material value; 池非不深也 chí fēi bùshēn yě, it is not that the pond is not deep; 4. marks a negative exclusionary clause: except for; e.g. 非祭肉不拜 fēi jìròu bùbài, except for [a gift of] sacrificial meat, he does not bow in respect; 非其君不事 fēi qí jūn bùshì, except for his lord, he does not provide any service; 非聖人而能若是乎 fēi shèngrén ér néng ruò shì hū, Except for being a sage, then, would he have been able to do it like this? cf. 微 wéi, 唯 wéi. 5. negative noun prefix: non-; e.g. 非禮之禮非義之義 fēilǐ zhī lǐ fēiyì zhī yì, non-ceremonial ceremony, non-proprietous propriety; 非人所爲之火 fēi rén suǒwéi zhī huǒ, non-man-made fire. 6. negates attribute of adjective; e.g. 非常 fēicháng, 非分 fēifēn, 非甚 fēishèn, extraordinary, exceptional (< not the ordinary; not just as normally allotted; not just very much but more).
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