| 字词 | 則 |
| 释义 | »» 則 zé MC tsok 1. standard, norm, precept; rule; example; usual, what is expected, assumed to be X. a. according to norm; follow a law; make sure to . . . b. conform to; imitate; e.g. 則天 zétiān, conformable to Heaven. 2. VB-phrase conjunction, occurs between two VB-phrases subordinating the former to the latter, specifically with the meaning “if VB-phrase 1, then VB-phrase 2”; cog. nǎi 乃 “only then,” ér 而 “then”; e.g. 得之則存，失之則亡 dé zhī zé cún, shī zhī zé wáng, If we obtain it, then we survive; if we lose it, then we perish; 不用賢人則不行 bùyòng xiánrén zé bùxíng, If you do not take advantage of worthy people, then it will not work. N.B. The use of zé 則 typically refers to situations and expectations that reflect general patterns; that is, “if VB-phrase 1, then as a general rule (as usual, as expected, obviously) VB-phrase 2.” It is not normally used to refer to specific “if . . ., then . . .” circumstances. a. occurring after a noun or noun-phrase and before a VB-phrase, gives the noun or noun phrase a verbal “flavor” by raising it as the proposed topic of the sentence, “if it is noun-phrase that we are talking about, then . . .,” “if it is noun-phrase that is at issue, then . . .” “given noun-phrase as the focus of our attention, then . . .”; e.g. 臣則可, 君則不可 chén zé kě, jūn zé bùkě, If it is a vassal that we are talking about, then it is okay; if it is a lord, then it is not okay; 國王則大夫必從 guówáng zé dàfū bì cóng If it is the king of the state, then the grand masters will inevitably follow. b. following interr. or imperative phrase, indicates consequential intention: “therewith, so that . . .”; e.g. 何爲則民服 héwéi zé mín fú, What to do with them, so that the commonfolk be submissive?; 民必教則可使矣 mín bì jiào zé kěshǐ yǐ, The commonfolk must be instructed and therewith may be made use of.
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