| 字词 | 自 |
| 释义 | »» 自 zì MC dzijH 1. reflexive pronoun, always occuring immediately before VB and ref. to SUBJ as agent of VB (cf. 己 jǐ, which may occur as SUBJ or OBJ of VB or attributive to noun): for oneself, of oneself, personally; e.g. 自在 zìzài, self-abiding, self-possessed, calm, poised; 自省 zìxǐng, examine oneself; 君子自強不息 jūnzi zìqiáng bùxī, the noble man never rests in strengthening himself; 于是河伯欣然自喜 yúshì hébó xīnrán zìxǐ, at this the Count of the River was exuberantly pleased with himself. a. 自然 zìrán, what is so-of-itself, what is as it is, self-determined, natura naturans, what is the way it is simply because it is so; although often translated as “Nature,” that rendering is misleading (esp. in common connotation of “Mother Nature”) and does not do justice to the concept; better to retain the complete denotation. 2. instinctively, naturally, freely, spontaneously; as a matter of course, automatically; of one’s own accord, voluntarily; indifferently. 3. from; e.g. 有朋自遠方來 yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, there being a friend who has come from a far place; 自此之時 zì cǐzhi shí, from this time forth. a. owing to, deriving from; e.g. 侯自我得之自我損之 hóu zì wǒ dé zhī, zì wǒ sǔn zhī, as to the title of marquess, it is owing to myself that I have obtained it and owing to myself that I shall relinquish it. 4. prefixed to negative as conditional marker: except for, unless; e.g. 自非亭午夜分，不見曦月 zìfēi tíngwǔ yèfēn bùjiàn xīyuè, unless it is noontime or midnight, one will not see blazing sun or moonlight; 自非聖人，外寧必有內憂 zìfēi shèngrén wàiníng bì yǒu nèiyōu, except under a sage ruler, when there is peace outside the state, there is sure to be anxiety at home.
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