| 字词 | 者 |
| 释义 | »» 者 zhě MC tsyaeX 1. VB or VB-phrase suffix that nominalizes VB with respect to its SUBJ: that which, the one who (performs the action of VB); e.g. 鬥者皆自以爲是而以他人爲非 dòuzhě jiē zì yǐwéi shì ér yǐ tārén wéi fēi, Those who fight regard themselves in all cases as right and the other person as wrong; 知之者不如好之者 zhīzhī zhě bùrú hàozhīzhě, those who understand it do not compare with (are not as good as) those who are fond of it. a. when suffixed to a single VB, makes a noun indicating the practitioner of the action of the VB: one who, “-er”; e.g. 學者xuézhě, one who studies > student; 從者cóngzhě, one who follows > a follower; 卜者 bǔzhě, one who divines > diviner. 2. sentential topic marker for nouns and nounphrases: as for; e.g. 西周者故天子之國也 xīzhōu zhě gù tiānzǐ zhī guó yě, As for the Western Zhou, it was assuredly the Son of Heaven’s state; 死者人之所必不免也 sǐ zhě rén zhī suǒ bì bùmiǎn yě, As for death, it is something from which people inevitably will not escape. a. sentential topic marker for VB-phrases: as for > when, if; e.g. 大臣太重者國危 dàchén tàizhòngzhě guó wéi, When the great vassals become too influential, the state will become imperiled; 地大者國多憂 dì dà zhě guó duōyōu, If the territory is large, the state will have many concerns. 3. noun or noun-phrase suffix that generalizes a statement: gen., generally; e.g. 君者爲主 jūn zhě wéi zhǔ, lords gen. function as overseers; 人事者吾已盡知之矣 rénshì zhě wú yǐ jìnzhī zhī yǐ, As for human affairs gen., I have become completely familiar with them. a. when suffixed to a noun that typically does not represent a class of things, but one thing only, the generalizing sense is to all aspects or all perspectives generally of the noun in question: in all respects, generally; e.g. 天子者與天地參 tiānzǐ zhě yǔ tiāndì cān, The Son of Heaven in all respects forms a trinity with heaven and earth; 天者百神之大君也 tiān zhě bǎishén zhī dàjūn yě, Heaven in all respects is the lord of the hundred spirits. b. in combination with fū 夫: gen. any instance of; e.g. 夫戰者萬乘之存亡也 fū zhàn zhě wànshèng zhī cúnwáng yě, As for any instance of a battle gen., it is a matter of the survival or demise of the myriad chariots. c. with initial fū 夫, when suffixed to a noun that typically does not represent a class of things, but one thing only, the generalizing sense is to any aspect or any perspective on the noun in question: in any particular respect, generally; e.g. 夫明堂者王者之堂也 fū zhě wángzhě zhī táng yě, In any particular respect, generally, the Hall of Light is a king’s hall.
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