| 字词 | 矣 |
| 释义 | »» 矣 yǐ MC hiX 1. sentential marker of perfective aspect, i.e., perfected, completed action unrelated to VB-tense: has, have, had + VB; cog. 已 yǐ; e.g. 西周弱矣 xīzhōu ruò yǐ, Western Zhou has become debilitated; 功已成矣 gōng yǐ chéng yǐ, success has already been achieved; 秦王老矣 qínwáng lǎo yǐ, the king of Qin has become old; 故能得欲矣 gù néng déyù yǐ, to be sure, you will have been able to gain your wish. a. sentential marker of hypothetical perfective aspect: would (have) + VB; e.g; 今秦攻周而得之，則眾必多傷矣 jīn qín gōng zhōu ér dé zhī, zé zhòng bì duōshāng yǐ, If Qin attacks and then gains control over Zhou, large numbers of the populous would inevitably come to harm; 則兩國者必爲天下笑矣 zé liǎngguózhe bì wéi tiānxià xiào yǐ, then these two states would become the laughingstock of the subcelestial realm. 2. perfected, completed action > change of state, new situation: now; e.g. 可謂能自知人矣 kě wèi néng zìzhī rén yǐ, he can now be referred to as someone who understands himself; 敬聞命矣 jīngwén mìng yǐ, I will now respectfully hear your advice; 吾不能守矣 wú bùnéng shǒu yǐ, we are no longer able to protect it. 3. perfected > finished > sentence-final GP of rhetorical finality: surely, definitely, that’s it!; e.g. 趙將亡矣 zhào jiāng wáng yǐ, Zhao is certainly going to perish; 盡美矣 jìnměi yǐ, it is perfectly splendid; 子慟矣 zǐ tòng yǐ, you are surely grieved.
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