辛亥革命【英】

The Revolution of 1911; the 1911 Revolution

译文来源

[1] Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol.2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 342-343.
[2] He Yiting. The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”[M]. London: New Classic Press, 2015: 2.

定义

辛亥革命是指发生于中国农历辛亥年（清宣统三年），即公元1911年至1912年初，旨在推翻清朝专制帝制、建立共和政体的全国性革命。狭义的辛亥革命，指的是自1911年10月10日（农历八月十九）夜武昌起义爆发，至1912年元旦孙中山就职中华民国临时大总统前后这一段时间中国所发生的革命事件。广义上辛亥革命指自19世纪末（一般从1894年兴中会成立开始，但也有学者认为从1905年同盟会成立算起）迄辛亥年成功推翻清朝统治在中国出现的数场革命运动。1911年夏天，湘、鄂、粤、川等省爆发保路运动，运动在四川省尤其激烈。9月25日，荣县独立，成为全中国第一个脱离清王朝的政权，把保路运动推向高潮。10月10日晚，新军工程第八营的革命党人打响了武昌起义的第一枪。汉阳、汉口的革命党人分别于10月11日夜、10月12日攻占汉阳和汉口。起义军掌控武汉三镇后，湖北军政府成立，黎元洪被推举为都督，改国号为中华民国。武昌起义胜利后的短短两个月内，湖南、广东等十五个省纷纷宣布脱离清政府宣布独立。1912年2月12日，清朝发布退位诏书。至此，2132年的帝制历史宣告终结。辛亥革命是近代中国比较完全意义上的资产阶级民主革命，它在政治上、思想上给中国人民带来了不可低估的解放作用，使民主共和观念逐渐深入人心。反帝反封建斗争，以辛亥革命为新的起点，更加深入、更加大规模地开展起来。不过，由于共和民主并没有在辛亥革命后得到广泛的、真正的实施，辛亥革命实际上是“既成功，又失败了”（ 辛亥革命.via：http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD/5560.）

定义来源

辛亥革命.via：http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD/5560.

例句

1. 这个第一步的准备阶段，还是自从一八四〇年鸦片战争以来，即中国社会开始由封建社会改变为半殖民地半封建社会以来，就开始了的。中经太平天国运动、中法战争、中日战争、戊戌变法、辛亥革命、五四运动、北伐战争、土地革命战争、直到今天的抗日战争，这样许多个别的阶段，费去了整整一百年工夫，从某一点上说来，都是实行这一步，都是中国人民在不同的时间中和不同的程度上实行这一步，实行反对帝国主义和封建势力，为了建立一个独立的民主主义的社会而斗争，为了完成第一个革命而斗争。——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1991：666-667

1. The preparatory period for the first step began with the Opium War in 1840, i.e., when China’s feudal society started changing into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal one. Then came the Movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Revolution of 1911, the May 4th Movement, the Northern Expedition, the War of the Agrarian Revolution and the present War of Resistance Against Japan. Together these have taken up a whole century and in a sense they represent that first step, being struggles waged by the Chinese people, on different occasions and in varying degrees, against imperialism and the feudal forces in order to build up an independent, democratic society and complete the first revolution. -Quoted from Mao Tse-tung: Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 342-343.

2. 辛亥革命是以孙中山为首的资产阶级革命团体同盟会所领导的推翻清朝专制王朝的革命。一九一一年（辛亥年）十月十日，革命党人发动新军在湖北武昌举行起义，接着各省响应，外国帝国主义所支持的清朝反动统治迅速瓦解。一九一二年一月在南京成立了中华民国临时政府，孙中山就任临时大总统。统治中国两千多年的君主专制制度从此结束，民主共和国的观念从此深入人心。但是资产阶级革命派力量很弱，并具有妥协性，没有能力发动广大人民的力量比较彻底地进行反帝反封建的革命。辛亥革命的成果迅即被北洋军阀袁世凯篡夺，中国仍然没有摆脱半殖民地、半封建的状态。——《毛泽东选集（第一卷）》，1991：42

2. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the autocratic regime of the Ching Dynasty. On October to of that year, a section of the Ching Dynasty’s New Army staged an uprising in Wuchang, Hupeh Province, at the urging of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois revolutionary societies. It was followed by uprisings in other provinces, and very soon the rule of the Ching Dynasty crumbled. On January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was set up in Nanking, and Sun Yat-sen was elected Provisional President. The revolution achieved victory through the alliance of the bourgeoisie with the peasants, workers and urban petty bourgeoisie. But state power fell into the hands of the Northern warlord Yuan Shih-kai, and the revolution failed, because the group which led it was conciliationist in nature, failed to give real benefits to the peasants and yielded to imperialist and feudal pressure. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 56.

3. 孙中山提出“振兴中华”并领导辛亥革命推翻清王朝，灾难深重的中华民族“醒来了”。毛泽东领导新民主主义革命取得成功建立新中国，中国人民 “站起来了”。邓小平领导开创了改革开放新时期，中国人民“富起来了”。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2015：14

3. Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed “the Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation,” and then led the 1911 Revolution to overthrow the autocratic regime of the Qing Dynasty. Our nation was thereafter awakened, and soon afterwards Chairman Mao led the New-Democratic Revolution, which turned out to be a great success and resulted in the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The nation rose to its feet. Later on, Comrade Deng Xiaoping led us to usher in a new era of Reform and Opening-up, and our nation has since been prospering. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’ s Significant Instructions on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 2.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
辛亥革命是中国近代史上一次巨大的社会变革，对中国社会各个方面都产生了深远的影响，社会面貌发生了显著的革新。——“辛亥革命影响下的城市普通民众”，载于《大庆师范学院学报》2016年04期
The Revolution of 1911, a tremendous social revolution in modern Chinese history, profoundly influenced almost all aspects of Chinese society, making it remarkably a new one.

例句 2：
蔡锷在短暂的一生中，为人宽厚，为官清廉，为国忠诚，特别是在辛亥革命武昌首义后，发动和领导了云南“重九”起义，在袁世凯称帝，近代中国的历史有可能发生重大逆转的时候，不顾个人安危发动和领导了反袁护国战争，堪称人世楷模。——“人世楷模蔡锷”，载于《邵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2016年05期
In the short life of Cai E, besides his generosity, incorruptibility and loyalty, he launched and led Yunnan “Chong Jiu” uprising after the Wuchang first uprising in the Revolution of 1911 , and he launched and led the Republic-defence war against Yuan Shikai regardless of his own safety when Yuan Shikai would declare himself a new emperor and the modern history of China was going to be reversed. Therefore, Cai E can be worthy of the title as an ethical paragon.

例句 3：
辛亥革命爆发前，梧州地区的同盟会组织进行了形式多样的革命宣传活动，其独具特色的舆论宣传方式深入传播了民主革命思想，为辛亥革命在梧州地区的胜利奠定了思想基础。——“辛亥革命前梧州地区舆论宣传的特色”，载于《湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报》2016年01期
Before the outbreak of Revolution of 1911, T'ung-meng Hui in Wuzhou area had organized a series of forms of revolutionary propaganda activities. The unique propaganda ways spread the democratic revolution thought and laid the ideological foundation for the victory