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字词 赤字财政
释义

赤字财政【英】

deficit financing

译文来源

[1] deficit financing. via: https://global.britannica.com/topic/deficit-financing
[2] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:281.

定义

赤字财政指通过财政赤字来增加政府支出的扩张性财政政策。经济萧条时期,财政政策是扩张性的,即增加政府支出,减少政府税收,这样,就必然引起财政赤字。凯恩斯主义强调,财政政策不仅仅是要实现财政收支平衡,而更重要的是为实现充分就业服务。在萧条时期,只有通过赤字支出才能刺激经济,因此,应该放弃财政收支平衡的旧信条,实行赤字财政政策,这种赤字财政政策不仅是必要的,而且也是可能的。因为,第一,债务人是国家,债权人是公众,国家与公众的根本利益的一致的,政府的财政赤字是国家欠公众的债务,也就是自己欠自己的债务。第二,政府的政权是稳定的,这就保证了债务的偿还还是有保证的,不会引起信用危机。第三,债务用于刺激经济,增加国民收入,这样,最终会增加政府税收,使政府有能力偿还债务,弥补赤字。这就是所谓的“公债哲学”。赤字财政政策通常的做法是由财政部把公债出售给中央银行,中央银行把款项转入财政部账户,财政部即可用于各种支出。中央银行所购买的政府债券既可以作为发行货币的准备金,也可以到金融市场上出售,各国赤字财政政策的采用都有一个发展过程。关于其政策的绩效分析,也存在很大分歧,很难得出一致意见。(刘伟等,1994:281)

定义来源

刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.

例句

1. 过了两年,一切节余都在朝廷宴会,国王巡狩,以及对贫困、破落而贪婪的贵族的赐赠资助等等上面用光了,正常的税收已不够宫廷和政府的开支了。于是,国王陛下很快就遭到了严重的财政赤字和1820年法令的夹攻;1820年的法令规定,如不得“将来的人民代议机关”的许可,任何新的公债或增税都是非法的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第八卷)》,1961:19

1. In two years every trace of a surplus was spent in court festivals, royal progresses, largesses, subventions to needy, seedy and greedy noblemen, &c., and the regular taxes were no longer sufficient for the exigencies of either court or government. And thus, his Majesty found himself very soon placed between a glaring deficit on one side, and a law of 1820 on the other, by which any new loan, or any increase of the then existing taxation, was made illegal without the assent of “the future Representation of the People.” -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 11), 1979: 17.

2. 第三,关于深化财税体制改革。财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱,科学的财税体制是优化资源配置、维护市场统一、促进社会公平、实现国家长治久安的制度保障。现行财税体制是在1994 年分税制改革的基础上逐步完善形成的,对实现政府财力增强和经济快速发展的双赢目标发挥了重要作用。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:80

2. Third, continuing the reform of the fiscal and taxation systems. Finance is the foundation and an important pillar of national governance. Good fiscal and taxation systems are the institutional guarantee for improving resource allocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity; and realizing enduring peace and stability. Developed on the basis of the tax distribution system6 reform initiated in 1994, the current fiscal and taxation systems have played an important role in increasing the government's financial strength and promoting the rapid growth of the economy. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2015.

3. 不久前竭力反对一切模仿法兰西共和国的企图的可敬的布鲁塞尔资产者,已经尝到了巴黎财政危机的恶果。他们痛骂在政治上模仿别人,可是自己却沉湎于在财政上模仿别人。他们盛赞比利时的独立和中立,可是自己却看到比利时的交易所完全屈从巴黎的交易所。南部国境线上的军事警戒线,挡不住有价证券狂跌的怒潮以排出倒海之势涌入有保证的中立的比利时领土。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:561

3. The good bourgeoisie of Brussels who, only a few days ago, desperately denied any intention of wanting to copy the French Republic, have felt the results of the financial crisis in Paris. While still decrying political imitation they submit to financial imitation. While still singing the praises of Belgian independence and neutrality, they found that the Brussels Stock Exchange was completely and most humiliatingly dependent on the Paris Stock Exchange. The cordon of troops which holds the southern frontier has not stopped the lowering of share prices from invading, unimpeded, the guaranteed neutral territory of Belgium. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 569.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
国际金融危机下的赤字财政不仅必要而且可行,是当前我国财政政策的现实选择。然而,对赤字财政要理性看待,在看到其积极作用的同时,必须密切关注其消极作用:赤字财政政策并不能包治百病,赤财政可能增加政府财政风险,赤字财政政策可能诱发通货膨胀。不仅如此,还要严格控制财政支出的方向,注意赤字财政的使用规则。——“对国际金融危机下我国赤字财政的理性思考”,载于《河南金融管理干部学院学报》,2009年03期
Deficit fiscal in the case of the international financial crisisis not only necesary but also feasible.It is a realistic choice for China's fiscal policy at present. However, it's necesary to take a rational look at the fiscal deficit, with a positive role on one hand, and at the same time, the negative efects of fiscal deficit should be paid close at ention to:the deficit fiscal policy cannot guarante to cure all diseases, it may increase the Government's fiscal risks or triger inflation. Inadition, strict control should be made for the direction of fiscal expenditure, paying attention to rule governing the use of deficit financing.

例句 2 :
最终根据上述分析得出结论,布什以减税为核心的赤字财政政策,有力地促进了短期经济增长,使美国基本走出了2001年经济衰退的阴影,赤字财政政策仍然是有效的宏观经济政策。但是伴随着高额的财政赤字,布什政府的赤字财政政策必然恶化美国的财政状况。因而,赤字财政政策不能作为一项长期政策连续使用,赤字财政政策的运用必须为以后的财政政策留下宏观调控的空间,长期过度使用赤字财政政策必然会导致庞大的赤字和债务规模,给经济造成严重危害。——《论布什政府赤字财政政策的特征与效应》,河北大学硕士学位论文,2007
Finally, according to the forrner analysis, Bush's deficit financing policy effectively increases the shot-term economic increase. It helps the U.S. get over the economic depression in 2001. De

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