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字词 资本主义经济关系
释义

资本主义经济关系【英】

capitalist economic relation

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 411.

定义

资本主义经济关系是人类历史上形成的五大经济关系之一。经济关系,亦即生产关系,是指人们在物质资料生产、分配、交换和消费过程中结成的、不以人的意志为转移的相互关系。主要包括:生产资料的所有制形式;人们在生产中的地位以及他们的相互关系;产品分配形式。其中,生产资料所有制形式是生产关系的基础,决定了人们在生产中的地位与相互关系、交换关系和产品分配形式(刘炳瑛,1988:168-169)。资本主义经济关系就是指建立在生产资料资本主义私有制基础上,人们在物质资料的生产、分配、交换和消费过程中形成的社会关系。生产资料资本主义私有制是资本主义经济关系的基础。尽管在资本主义发展的不同时期,资本主义生产资料所有制的具体形式是不断调整和变化的,但这些调整与变化并没有改变资本主义生产关系的本质,即以生产资料私有制为基础的雇佣劳动制度。在资本主义社会的劳资关系中,“提供生产资料”的资本家及经营者与“提供劳动力商品”的雇佣劳动者之问是控制与被控制、剥削与被剥削的关系(刘雅静,2013:175-176)。马克思曾在科学的劳动价值论的基础上,创立了剩余劳动价值理论,深刻揭露了资本主义经济关系的剥削实质。现今的资本主义经济关系与当年马克思分析的资本主义经济关系相比,已经有了较大的变化,如生产资料从占有到实现形式由单一的私人性转变为多元的混合性,以及由此派生出的资本主义国家经济调节手段、劳动者的个人身份,及资本家对利润追求方式的多元性(戴文标,2001:8)。这些变化是社会化大生产的结果,是资本主义基本矛盾——生产社会化与生产资料的私人占有之间矛盾对立的结果,并不能说明资本主义制度已经有了根本性的变化(戴文标,2001:11)。

定义来源

[1] 刘炳瑛.马克思主义原理辞典[Z].浙江人民出版社,1988.
[2] 刘雅静.马克思主义政治经济学[M].山东人民出版社,2013.
[3] 戴文标.混合性是当代资本主义经济关系的主要特征[J].世界经济文汇,2001(04).

例句

1. 在现实资本主义经济过程中,它是以各种最深刻的对立为媒介的,如自由竞争是其存在和发展的最初形式,越走向当代,价值转换关系就越复杂,在现代金融体系中,我们已经根本不见它的真面目。我们会发现,这个价值的实体化、物化,成为一种特殊的支配物的物,它才是狭义历史唯物主义所讲的最深刻的一种社会存在物,这恰恰也是最容易误解的哲学层面。价值实体(商品、资本)是真的物,但却是历史唯物主义中最难理解的物。因为这个物具有二重性的悖论:它具有使用价值的效用存在,但这不是在资本主义经济关系中的社会本质,其本质是人类的一般抽象社会劳动,即价值。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:521-522

1. In the actual capitalist economy, value is mediated by the deepest antagonisms: for instance, free competition is the earliest form of its existence and development.The more value moves towards the modern age, the more complex become its exchange relations. In the modern financial system, we can no longer see its true face.We will discover that the substantiation and objectification become a kind of material that dominates material; this is the most profound social entity of the special theory of historical materialism. This is also the most easily misunderstood philosophical level of Marx’s theory. Value substances (commodities and capital) are actually existing things, but these are also the most difficult to understand elements of historical materialism. This is because this material possesses a dual paradox: it possesses the useful existence of value-in-use, but this is not the social essence of capitalist economic relations, which is actually man’s general abstract social labor, or value. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 411.

2. 如果在黑格尔那里,这类物化关系相当于观念(本质和规律)在自然物质中的沉沦和后来劳动对象化中的异化。三是马克思发现了劳动二重性理论,并且第一次通过这种理论揭示了资本主义经济关系颠倒的原因。由于在资本主义分工的基础上,劳动(私人)不再具有直接的社会性,只有通过交换才可能被确定为一般生产要素,这种市场中的共同的劳动(抽象劳动)才构成价值实体,构成一种特殊的社会关系,它使一切劳动产品具有相同的质(商品质是不可以直接比较的),价值实体不是特殊劳动,而必然是社会一般劳动。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:526

2. Hegel believed that these objectified relations were equivalent to the descent of ideas (essence and laws) to natural material, as well as the later alienation of labor in objectification. Third, Marx discovered the dual theory of labor, and was the first to use this theory to demonstrate the cause of the inversion of capitalist economic relations. On the basis of capitalist division of labor, labor (individuals) no longer possess an immediate social nature; only through exchange are they confirmed as elements of general production. This collective labor (abstract labor) forms value substance in the market, forms a special social relation. It causes all products of labor to share a common character (the character of commodities cannot be directly compared). Value substance is not special labor, but is rather social labor in general. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 415.

3. 在进入马克思所谓“三大社会形态”的讨论视域之前,我们应该明确,马克思在此绝非试图进行一种历史学上的历史分期的界说,而是为了说明资本主义经济关系的物化和颠倒(“现有”)是如何历史发生的第一大社会形态是这种物化与颠倒的客观历史参照系),以及这种颠倒被历史地扬弃的现实可能(“能有”)是什么。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:563

3. Before entering the scope of our discussion of what Marx calls the “three great social forms,” we ought to be clear that Marx here was certainly not trying to conduct a periodization of history in a historical sense, but was rather explaining how the objectification and inversion (“present”) of capitalist economic relations took place historically (“past”--the first social form is the objective historical reference system for this objectification and inversion). He also attempts to explain the real possibility (“possible”) that this inversion could be historically sublated. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 446.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
在马克思经济学中,有以叙述资本主义经济关系的典型形式和本质特征的经济学对象上的理解,也有以研究资本主义经济关系的特殊形式和现实特征的经济学对象上的理解。——“马克思经济学的对象与中国特色社会主义经济学的创新”,载于《当代经济研究》2013年第6期
When it comes to the Marxist economics, some explains the subject of it by describing thecanonical form and substantive characteristics of capitalist economic relations, while others do it bystudying the special form and realistic characteristics.

例句 2:
但作为分析资本主义经济关系的参照物和例证,对当时仍处于半殖民地半封建社会发展阶段的世界大国—中国也论及33处之多。——“《资本论》论中国”,载于《当代经济研究》2013年第6期
However, as the point of reference and an example in the analysis of capitalist economic relations, China, one of the world’s major powers which was still at the development stage of semi-feudal society, has been discussed in as many as 33 places of the book.

例句 3:
依据马克思借贷货币资本积累理论,分析借贷货币资本积累在信用基础、主要表现、依赖手段、调节方式等方面出现的历史性变化,有助于揭示借贷货币资本领域资本主义经济关系的新变化,为马克思主义金融不稳定分析开拓可能。——“马克思借贷货币资本积累理论时代化问题研究”,载于《南京政治学院学报》2013年第1期
According to the theory, the analysis of financial capital accumulation and its historical change in credit foundation, main manifestation, means of reliance and way of regulation helps reveal the new change in the capitalist economic relations in the field of financial capital, which makes it possible to analyze Marx’s financial instability theory.

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