字词 | 专利权 |
释义 | 专利权【英】patent译文来源[1] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:83. 定义发明人对其成果享有独占和经营获利的权利,为了鼓励发明者,并保护其合法权益,政府与一个发明者订立契约,订明为了酬报他完全公开他的发明,政府给他自给予立之日算起为期17年的使用这项发明的专有的权利,在这时期终了时,专利权结束,并变成任何人都可使用的公共财产。1623年,英国首先制订了专利权法,在该国,对贡献给王国的发明或新的手艺的专利权限制在14年内。美国的第一专利权法是1790年4月10日成为法律的,而现行的法律是1836年7月4日颁布的。人类自从很久以前就开始有了发明但专利权的出现却是近代的事情。授予专利权是为了鼓励发明家将他的发明公之于众,从而促进科学和有用技术的进步。专利权的享有者是专有技术的发明人,虽然没有专利股的发明家也可以创造和发明,但是发明家的权益得不到保护,会损害发明家创造发明的积极性。如果这样,世界技术进步将放慢,当然专利权不仅仅指技术专利权,其内涵极为丰富。为了使世界加快技术进步的步伐,使经济和社会走入秩序之中,专利权是必要的,而且是重要的(刘伟等,1994:83)。 定义来源[1] 刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 但是既然他把国家作为雇主,向它要求报酬,即工资,从而把自己投入竞争关系中,那末根据他已经有过的关于Privateigentum(私有财产)和privati(被掠夺者)、公社财产、无产阶级、lettres patentes(专利权)、Staat(国家)和Status(状况)等等的论断,自然就不能指望他会“交好运”。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:426 1. But once he turns to the state as an employer and asks for remuneration, i.e., wages, thus entering the sphere of competition, then of course after his previous treatises about private property and privati, communal property, the proletariat, lettres patentes, the state and status, etc., one cannot suppose that his “solicitation will be successful”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 368. 2. 假定说,有个发明家发明了一架代替四个人劳动的机器并获得专利权;由于他有这种特权,所以除了被他的机器代替的那部分工人的劳动所产生的竞争以外,他不可能有别的竞争。显而易见,在特权的有效期间,这些工人的工资就是发明家出售产品时定价的标准;这就是说,发明家为了保证产品的销售,他的索价只要略低于机器所代替的劳动的工资就行了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)》,1958:133 2. If such a privilege is given for the invention of a machine, which performs, by the labour of one man, a quantity of work that used to take the labour of four; as the possession of the exclusive privilege prevents any competition in doing the work, but what proceeds from the labour of the workmen, their wages, as long as the patent continues, must obviously form the measure of the patentee’s charge; that is to secure employment, he has only to charge a little less than the wages of the labour which the machine supplants. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 157. 3. 经济财物包括“对人和物(resincorporales)的关系,这些关系在客体上完整地体现出来,是依赖于抽象概念的:(a)在完全自由交换中是顾客、商号等等,在这种情况下,由于人的活动而形成的对别人有利的关系,可以在得到补偿的条件下出让和获得;(b)在一定的法对流通的限制的基础上是生产专有权、地役权、专利权、垄断权、特许权等等”(第22、23页)。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:397 3. Among economic goods: “Relations to persons and things (res incorporales), whose material completeness is based on an abstraction: a) from absolutely free commerce: the cases of customers, firms, etc., when advantageous relations with other people, which have been formed through human activity, may be granted and acquired for payment; b) due to certain legal limitations of commerce: exclusive manufacturing rights, real equities, privileges, monopolies, patents, etc.” (pp. 22, 23). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1989: 532. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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