字词 | 芝诺(埃利亚的) |
释义 | 芝诺(埃利亚的)【英】Zeno of Elea译文来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:90. 定义芝诺是古希腊著名哲学家,埃利亚学派的主要代表之一。芝诺生于意大利半岛南部的埃利亚城邦,他是埃利亚学派的著名哲学家巴门尼德的学生和朋友。据说他在母邦度过了一生,仅在成名之后到过雅典。据传说,芝诺因蓄谋反对埃利亚的君主而被处死。关于他的生平,缺乏可靠的文字记载。柏拉图在他的对话《巴门尼德篇》中,记载了芝诺和巴门尼德于公元前5世纪中叶去雅典的一次访问。芝诺一生致力于运用巴门尼德运的形式逻辑的同一律、矛盾律和排中律反对“多”和运动以维护巴门尼德的存在论。芝诺认为,构成一个整体的各个单位是没有量度的,因此它们是不存在的;既然假设事物是存在的,那么它们就有量度,这就导致其量度是无限的结论;所以接受“多”这一命题的结论是,它们的单位既是无限小小到没有,又是无限大大到无限,因此“多”的命题是难以成立的。芝诺一生流传下来共计四个著名的悖论公式:“二分法”;“阿基里斯赶不上乌龟”;“飞矢不动”;“运动场”。“表明他看到运动与时间和空间不可分;而关于时间和空间有两种对立的理沦,一种认为时空是连续的,可以无限分割的,另一种认为时空是非连续的,是由不可再分的“瞬间”和量度组成的。”(金炳华,2003:26)传说芝诺著作有《辩驳》一书,只不过该书已经遗失,现在仅有一些残篇流传于世。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. (2)亚里士多德《形而上学》第4卷第5章:“因此,德谟克利特断言,或者没有东西是真实的,或者真实的东西对我们是隐蔽的。但是,由于人们把感性知觉看作是思维着的理性,而感性知觉又被认为是[物体的]一种变化,人们就说,感性知觉所提供的现象,必然是真实的。由于这个原因,恩培多克勒、德谟克利特以及几乎所有其他的哲学家都成了这些观点的俘虏。”不过,在《形而上学》的这个地方又说了与此相矛盾的话。(3)第欧根尼·拉尔修,第9卷第72节:“然而,根据他们的意见,甚至连色诺芬尼、埃利亚的芝诺以及德谟克利特,也都是怀疑主义者,德谟克利特......还说:‘实际上,我们什么也不知道,因为真理隐藏在深渊里’。” ——《马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)》,2002: 67 1. 2) Id., Metaphysics, IV, 5 [1009, 11-18]. And this is why Democritus, at any rate, says that either there is no truth or to us at least it is not evident. And in general it is because they [i.e., these thinkers] suppose knowledge to be sensation, and this to be a physical alteration, that they say that what appears to our senses must be true; for it is for these reasons that both Empedocles and Democritus and, one may almost say, all the others have fallen victims to opinions of this sort. For Empedocles says that when men change their condition they change their knowledge. By the way, the contradiction is expressed in this passage of the Metaphysics itself. 3) Diogenes Laertius, IX, 72. Furthermore, they find Xenophanes, Zeno of Elea, and Democritus to be sceptics... Democritus [says:] "Of a truth we know nothing, for truth is in a well." -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1975: 79. 2. 阿多诺对否定的辩证法的正面描述起于他对黑格尔辩证法的批判分析。在他看来,康德在“破除绝对的直接知识的幻想”的哥白尼式的革命中,以二元论的方式试图避免现象与本质、有限主体与无限知识的矛盾,通过对经验主体的现象界限定和自在之物的彼岸悬设,辩证法是在芝诺式的辩证理性的语境中被遭遇的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007: 31 2. Adorno's positive description of negative dialectics originates from his critical analysis of Hegelian dialectics. In his opinion, Kant, in the Copernican revolution of "destroying the illusion of a immediate knowledge of the Absolute," attempts to use Dualism to avoid the contradiction of appearance and essence, and of finite subject and infinite knowledge; by circumscribing the phenomenal of the empirical subject and suspending the thing-in-itself of that-world, dialectics is confronted in the context of Zenonian Dialectical reason. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 55. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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