字词 | 社会制度 |
释义 | 社会制度【英】social system; social structure译文来源[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:320. 定义社会制度,一指社会基本的经济制度并且与之相适应的政治制度,包括了人类已经经历的五种社会制度——原始社会制度、奴隶社会制度、封建社会制度、资本主义社会制度、社会主义社会制度(共产主义社会的低级阶段),将来还会出现共产主义社会的高级阶段。“人类历史上最进步、最合理的社会制度是共产主义制度”(苏德永,许崇德,1995:518)。社会制度经历着“从低级到高级的历史发展,共产主义制度是共产党人为之奋斗的理想的社会制度”(郑建邦,1992:36);一指建立在一定生产方式上的通常在法律上明确规定的社会的经济、政治、法律、文化、军事、宗教、教育、婚姻等制度的总称。经济制度是社会制度的基础,也就是在社会发展一定历史阶段的生产关系的总和中最为重要的便是生产资料所有制形式。而政治、法律、文化等上层建筑方面的制度,都是由该社会的经济制度所决定的,都是为了适应和维护经济制度,并为经济制度服务。“一切社会制度都是历史的产物”(金炳华,2003:320)。社会制度一但形成,自然就会对社会生活产生重大的影响,不同的社会制度体现不同的社会性质,对社会发展的作用明显不同,先进的社会制度促进和推动社会的前进,落后的社会制度阻碍社会的进步。随着生产力的发展,生产方式的变化,社会制度也会随之发生变化。 定义来源[1] 苏德永,许崇德.中华法学大辞典:宪法学卷[Z].中国检察出版社,1995. 例句1. 无论如何,齐泽克似乎赞成据说是来自马克思对资本主义这样的定论:“资本主义是一种偶发的不合法的社会构造,它的正常状态是永恒的错乱状态,一种畸形的历史,一种由处在无休止的扩张循环中的邪恶超我所生成的社会制度。” 《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:323 1. Anyway, Zizek seemingly consents to the conc1usion which is said to be made by Marx: "Capitalism is a contingent monstrous formation whose very ‘normal' state is permanent dislocation, a kind .of ‘freak of history', a social system caught in the vicious superego cycle of incessant expansion-yet precisely as such, it is the ‘truth' of the entire preceding ‘normal' history. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 423. 2. 在社会主义社会中,基本的矛盾仍然是生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾,上层建筑和经济基础之间的矛盾。不过社会主义社会的这些矛盾,同旧社会的生产关系和生产力的矛盾、上层建筑和经济基础的矛盾,具有根本不同的性质和情况罢了。我国现在的社会制度比较旧时代的社会制度要优胜得多。如果不优胜,旧制度就不会被推翻,新制度就不可能建立。——《毛泽东选集(第五卷)》,1977:373 2. In socialist society the basic contradictions are still those between the relations of production and the productive forces and between the superstructure and the economic base. However, they are fundamentally different in character and have different features from the contradictions between the relations of production and the productive forces and between the superstructure and the economic base in the old societies. The present social system of our country is far superior to that of the old days. If it were not so, the old system would not have been overthrown and the new system could not have been established. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 5), 1977: 393. 3. 唯物主义历史观从下述原理出发:生产以及随生产而来的产品交换是一切社会制度的基础;在每个历史地出现的社会中,产品分配以及和它相伴随的社会之划分为阶级或等级,是由生产什么、怎样生产以及怎样交换产品未决定的。所以,一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因,不应当在人们的头脑中,在人们对永恒的真理和正义的日益增进的认识中去寻找,而应当在生产方式相交换方式的变更中去寻找;不应当在有关的时代的哲学中去寻找,而应当在有关的时代的经济学中去寻找。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十九卷)》,1963:228 3. The materialist conception of history starts from the proposition that the production of the means to support human life and, next to production, the exchange of things produced, is the basis of all social structure; that in every society that has appeared in history, the manner in which wealth is distributed and society divided into classes or orders, is dependent upon what is produced, how it is produced, and how the products are exchanged. From this point of view the final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are to be sought, not in men’s brains, not in man’s better insight into eternal truth and justice, but in changes in the modes of production and exchange. They are to be sought, not in the philosophy, but in the economics of each particular epoch. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 24), 1989: 306. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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