字词 | 相对过剩人口 |
释义 | 相对过剩人口【英】relative surplus population; relative surplus-population; relative overpopulation译文来源[1] Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 2) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972: 180, 321. 定义与资本的需要相对而言,即超过了资本增殖的平均需要,而显得过剩的工人人口。这是资本主义人口规律的表现。在资本主义积累过程中,随着资本有机构成的提高,一方面,由于不变资本的相对增加和可变资本的相对减少,使资本对劳动力的需要相对地甚至绝对地减少。另一方面,劳动力的供给却不断增加。这是因为工人家庭迫于生活困难,而不得不让妇女、青少年进入劳动力市场,从而增加了工人人数;同时,破产的手工业者和农民也加入出卖劳动力的队伍;另外,竞争中破产的中小资本家,有的也不得不靠出卖劳动力维持生活。上述两个相反方面,就形成了相对过剩人口(相对过剩人口.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%9b%b8%e5%af%b9%e8%bf%87%e5%89%a9%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3&korder=0&sel=1sel=1)。工人人口本身在生产出资本积累的同时,也以日益扩大的规模生产出使他们自身成为相对过剩人口的手段。这就是资本主义生产方式所特有的人口规律(马克思等,1972:692)。 定义来源[1] 相对过剩人口.via:http://kns.cnki.net/kns/brief/Default_Result.aspx?code=CRPD&kw=%e7%9b%b8%e5%af%b9%e8%bf%87%e5%89%a9%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3&korder=0&sel=1sel=1 例句1. (3)停滞的过剩人口。他们的就业“极不规则”,生活状况低于一般水平。属于这一类的主要是在家里替厂主和商店干活的城乡居民。所有这些阶层的总和就构成了相对过剩人口或者后备军。后一术语清楚地表明,这里是指哪一种人口。这里是指工人,他们是资本主义尽量扩大企业所必需的,但是他们永远不能经常得到工作。——《列宁全集(第二卷)》,1984:149 1. 3) Stagnant overpopulation. It has “extremely irregular” employment, under conditions below the average level. To this category belong, mainly, people who work at home for manufacturers and stores, including both rural and urban inhabitants. The sum-total of all these strata of the population constitutes the relative surplus population, or reserve army. The latter term distinctly shows what population is referred to. They are the workers needed by capitalism for the potential expansion of enterprises, but who can never be regularly employed. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 2), 1972: 180. 2. 失业工人后备军的形成是整个资本主义特有的现象,农业的特点只不过使这种现象具有一些特殊形式。因此,例如《资本论》的作者就是把农业劳动的分配问题同“相对过剩人口”的问题联系起来谈的,并且在专门论述“劳动期间”和“生产时间”的区别的一章里也谈到了这个问题(《资本论》第2卷第2篇第13章)。——《列宁全集(第三卷)》,1984:287 2. The formation of a reserve army of unemployed is characteristic of capitalism in general, and the specific features of agriculture merely give rise to special forms of this phenomenon. That is why the author of Capital, for instance, deals with the distribution of employment in agriculture in connection with the question of “relative surplus-population,” as well as in a special chapter where he discusses the difference between the “working period” and the “time of production” (Das Kapital, II. B., Chapter 13). -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1977: 321-322. 3. 例如,马克思在谈到英国的农业关系时说道:“农业工人按耕作的平均需要来说总是过多,而按特殊的或者临时的需要来说又总是过少”(第2版第1卷第725页),因此,虽然有经常的“相对过剩人口”,但是农村总是显得人口不足。——《列宁全集(第三卷)》,1984:287 3. For example, in regard to the agricultural relations of England, Marx says: “There are always too many agricultural labourers for the ordinary, and always too few for the exceptional or temporary needs of the cultivation of the soil” (12, 725), so that, notwithstanding the permanent “relative surplus-population,” the countryside seems to be inadequately populated. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1977: 321. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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