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字词 摹本(模仿)
释义

摹本(模仿)【英】

copy; imitation; replica

译文来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:1021.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 188.
[3] Sim, S. Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History [M]. Taylor & France e-library, 2001: 71.

定义

古希腊哲学用语。初由毕达哥斯拉学派提出,认出事物由于模仿数而存在。后柏拉图借以解释理念和可感事物之间的关系。认为由巨匠把适合于事物本性的理念放到事物中,从而派生出可感个体事物。理念如原型一样树立在自然里,其他可感事物都是理念的摹本。他鄙视艺术家的创作活动和他们的作品,主张把诗和诗人驱逐出理想国。认为可感事物是理念的模仿,诗人、画家的创作是可感事物的模仿,和实在(理念)隔得更远。柏拉图本人和亚里士多德都批评过这种模仿说,认为它必然会导致无穷倒退,所以是不能成立的(金炳华等,2001:1021)。在古希腊,模仿概念显然是被广义地理解的,如亚里士多德的理解,就包括性情、心情之类内心状态的表出。在这个意义上,连音乐也被认为是模仿。此外,亚里士多德以来许多模仿说关于模仿的概念,实际上是或多或少包含着理想化意义予以考虑的,如果朝这个方向扩张这个概念,也就包含了对人生普遍的乃至类型的(典型的)事物的表现和对对象“本质”的再现。常见于18世纪法国美学的所谓“对美好自然的模仿”这一概念,也是表示要使模仿原理与艺术理想调和的尝试。

定义来源

金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.

例句

1. 欧仁·苏先生按照他所完全支持的现行刑事裁判的每一个条款,依样画葫芦地详细描绘了他所附加的奖赏裁判的摹本。为了使读者能一目了然起见,我们且把他所描写的原本和摹本放在一起,列为一个对照表。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)》,1957:240-241

1. For each point of the present penal code, which he retains, Monsieur Sue projects the addition of a counterpart in a reward code copied from it to the last detail. For easier survey we shall give his description of the complementary pairs in tabular form. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4), 1975: 188.

2. 这足以在其早期阶段造成一场革命,但我们早就知道,“不加批判的赞扬”、“热情的模仿”和“不加批判的辩解”,它们正是苏联开始确立世界霸权地位之时对马克思主义理论界所做的要求。推动着卢森堡的批判精神的,正是苏联马克思主义加以抑制的东西—— 就像卢卡奇通过《历史与阶级意识》的出版所发现的那样。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:111

2. This seems a reasonable enough point to make about a revolution in its early stages, but we know that, all too soon, ‘uncritical admiration’, ‘zealous imitation’ and ‘uncritical apologetics’ are exactly what will be required of the Marxist theoretical community when the Soviet Union begins to establish itself as a world power. The critical spirit that moves Luxemburg’s analyses is one that Soviet Marxism turns its back upon–as Lukács is about to discover with the publication of History and Class Consciousness. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 71.

3. 鲁恩文字是模仿希腊和拉丁字母造成的,仅仅用作暗号,并且专供宗教巫术之用。把人当作祭品的做法还在流行。一句话,我们在这里所看到的,是一种刚从野蛮时代中级阶段进到高级阶段的民族。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:162

3. The runic script (imitations of Greek and Latin letters) was only known as a secret code and used exclusively for religious sorcery. Human sacrifices were still in vogue. In short, they were a people just risen from the middle stage of barbarism to the upper stage. -Quoted from: Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 243.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
顾恺之画作仅有若干流传已久的摹本,陆探微、张僧繇等杰出画家不仅没有真迹留存,甚至连摹本也没有流传下来。——《<竹林七贤与荣启期>砖画与魏晋画风》,河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2011
Gu Kaizhi paintings only several age-old Liu Tanwei copy, etc. Zhang sengyou outstanding painter not even retained an original copy and no passed down.

例句 2:
《英国所藏甲骨集》自出版以来,在学界受到极大重视,但是目前还没有综合整理的摹本发表,以往学者对这批甲骨的研究主要依靠《库方二氏藏甲骨卜辞》、《金璋所藏甲骨卜辞》和《甲骨文合集》第十三册中的相应摹本。——《<英國所藏甲骨集>資料的蒐集和整理》,首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2013
“Oracle Bone Collections in Great Britain”, a valuable literature in studying oracle bones inscription, has got no well-facsimiled version since it was published. Inscriptions in this book were used to be studied according to facsimiles in “The Coupling-Chalfant Collection of Inscribed Oracle Bone” and “The Hopkins Collection of Inscribed Oracle Bone” and volume 13 of “Great Collection of the Oracle Inscriptions”.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 9:03:03