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字词 感性经验
释义

感性经验【英】

sensory experience; sensuous experience; sensible experience

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 160.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 407.
[3] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 91.

定义

感性经验,是指通过感觉知觉等方面的经验来认识世界。人们的认识始于感性经验,感性经验是认识运动的第一步,但是要正确地认识世界、改造世界,光凭感性经验是不够的,必须把感性经验上升到理性思维,形成科学的理论。感性经验所把握的是特殊的、个别的现象,而思维的任务在于获得普遍的、必然的、带规律性的科学知识,两者有本质的区别。那么,能不能实现感性经验向理性思维的飞跃?也就是说,人们能否获得普遍的、必然的科学知识?辩证唯物主义作了肯定的回答。唯心主义和不可知论对此提出了种种责难。在对待感性经验向理性思维飞跃的问题上,经验论和唯理论各执一端,都表现出它们明显的片面性。经验论强调经验,轻视理论;唯理论强调理论,轻视经验。它们的共同特点是不懂辩证法。恩格斯认为“蔑视辩证法是不能不受到惩罚的”,“错误的思维一旦贯彻到底,就必然要走到和它的出发点恰恰相反的地方去”。经验论和唯理论最后都程度不同地恢复了上帝在认识中的地位,这是经验论和唯理论发展的不可避免的逻辑归宿(吉培坤,1992:15-16)。总之,感性经验对于我们认识世界是具有重要作用的,不能够完全否定感性经验的作用,但是也不能够完全依靠感性经验来认识事物,还需要上升到理性思维,以及实践等才能够更加深刻的认识事物的本质内容。

定义来源

吉培坤.论感性经验向理性思维的飞跃[J].盐城师专学报(哲学社会科学版),1992(2).

例句

1. 众所周知,古典意义上的哲学现象学问题发端于康德,它承接了休谟的经验怀疑论。外部世界在康德那里一分为二:其一是由先天综合判断建构的感性经验的现象世界;其二是康德那个先天综合判断的逻辑构架本身被神化的自在之物。如上所述,在黑格尔那里,批判的、辩证的哲学现象学弥合了分裂的世界,这一次,真实的物质存在倒被指认为现象,绝对观念则成了本质。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:214

1. It is widely known that classical philosophical phenomenology originated with Kant, later absorbing Hume’s empirical skepticism. Kant divides the outside world into two parts: first is the phenomenological world of sensory experience, and second is the category of things-in-themselves. As has been explained previously, Hegel reunited the broken world using critical, dialectical philosophical phenomenology; here true material existence becomes phenomena, while the Absolute Idea becomes the essence. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 160.

2. 人从幼年到成人,大部分时期是在接受千百万人所认同的感性经验:一方面,是处于直观中的人们的习惯、共识、情感、心理、文化传统的“都这样”;另一方面,概念本身就是千百万人的千百万代实践与经验的结果,我们常常是用概念在“看”(波普的“观念先于观察”和汉森的发现模式中的“理论负载”)。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009: 517

2. As men grow from youths into adults, most of their time is spent accepting the sensuous experiences approved by millions of other men. On one hand, there is the fact that directly perceiving men possess habits, common knowledge, emotions, thoughts, and cultural traditions that are all a certain way; on the other hand, ideas themselves are the result of the practice and experience of millions of men over millions of generations; we often use concepts to “see” (Popper’s idea that “notions precede observation,” and Hansen’s “theoretical load” in the discovery model). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 407.

3. 传统唯心主义认识论的研究在反对素朴实在论的过程中,将直接性回归为主体一边,客体不再是直接性的对象,而是被“当作主体的材料或属性”。于是,结论成了“存在就是被感知”的白色幽默不足为怪。对于经验主义来说,经验是一堵墙(列宁语),人们不能穿透感性经验走向客体,所以,贝克莱和休漠都是以这种将客体对象和事物化归为感觉材料的直接性来反对实在论的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2011:57-58

3. The study of the traditional idealist epistemology, when rejecting the naive realism, puts immediacy on the side of the subject, while the object is no longer the target of the immediacy, but taken as “material or property of the subject.” Therefore, it is not a surprise that the conclusion is “existence is being sensed,” a white joke. For the empiricist, experience is a wall, as Lenin says; men cannot penetrate the sensible experience to face the object, so Berkeley and Hume reject realism according to the immediacy of reducing the objective target and matter to the material of sensation. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 91.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思的感性世界理论是马克思主义的一个基础性理论。在哲学史上,第一个对感性世界进行哲学阐述的哲学家是康德而非马克思,不过,马克思的感性世界理论的建立直接针对的并非是康德的“批判理性”,而是费尔巴哈的“直观唯物主义”。——《马克思的“感性世界”的实践论诠释》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2007
Marx’s perceptual world theory is a basic theory of Marx’s theory. In the history of philosophy, the first philosophy expounded by philosophers of Kant’s perceptual world is not Marx, but Marx’s perceptual world theory established directly is not based on Kant’s “critique of reason”, but Feuerbac’s “intuitive materialism”.

例句 2:
本文运用历史唯物主义和比较分析的方法,以期对胡塞尔“生活世界”理论和马克思的“感性世界”思想进行双向的反思与推进。“生活世界”是胡塞尔首先明确提出的概念,是他晚期哲学关注的重点。该理论与马克思的“感性世界”思想有一定程度的契合,却也有原则上的差异。——《生活世界与感性世界 ——论胡塞尔与马克思哲学的不同旨趣》,安徽师范大学硕士学位论文,2010
In this paper, the historical materialism and comparative analysis method, with a view to Husserl’s “life world” theory and the “perceptual world” of the thinking of the bidirectional reflection and promotion of the concept of “the world” and “the perceptual world” of the “life” of the theory of the “world” and “thinking” of the  “world” theory of the  “world” theory and the “thinking” of the “perceptual world” of the reflection of the idea of the “world”.

例句 3:
高莱特(Gabrielle-Sidonie Colette,1873-1954)是法国二十世纪上半叶最重要的女作家。尽管她已离开我们五十年有余,关于她自身以及作品的研究却从未停滞,相反,人们在纪念她的同时,不断重新的发现她作品的深度和现代性。本篇论文关注于她作品中对感性世界的写作。——《高莱特:一种感性世界的写作》,首都师范大学

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:36:25