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字词 形而上学思维
释义

形而上学思维【英】

metaphysical thinking/reasoning; metaphysical mode of thought

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:587.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 23, 134.

定义

形而上学思维,与辨证思维相对,是指以孤立、静止、片面的观点看待世界,否认客观事物的运动、变化和发展及其内部原因的思维。产生于自然科学逐渐兴起的十五世纪下半叶,是对自然科学进行分门别类研究的产物。其特征表现为:第一,思考、理解问题的拒绝矛盾性;第二,思考、理解事物概念的抽象同一性;第三,思考、理解事物的非此即彼性;第四,追求思维对存在理解、把握的绝对至上性。与形而上学思维具有紧密联系的另一种思维是形式逻辑思维,但而上学思维与形式逻辑思维是有区别的,不能把两者等同起来。不同之处在于,首先,形式逻辑思维只是将思维形式看作是既成的、确定的,但不把客观对象看作是孤立的、静止的;而形而上学思维则以片面的观点看待世界,把客观对象看作我孤立的、静止的事物。其次,形式逻辑思维虽然有其局限性,但不排斥辩证法和辩证逻辑;而形而上学思想是与辩证法和辩证逻辑相对立的。所以应将形式逻辑思维和形而上学思维区别开来,否则会不同程度上导致对形式逻辑的否定,如“德国黑格尔看到了形式逻辑的局限性,但错误地把形式逻辑与形而上学等同起来,把对包括辩证思维在内的一切思维的逻辑要求,看作是对客观现实的断定,从而否定形式逻辑的基本规律。”(金炳华,2003:587)。伴随着自然科学的进一步发展和马克思主义哲学的兴起,科学中不断地涌现出大量的新现象和新问题,需要人们自觉地进行辩证思考,人们逐渐突破形而上学的思维而进行辩证思维的研究。但形而上学思维作为一种认识世界的思维方式,在西方哲学产生伊始到马克思主义哲学产生以前,一直在哲学思维中居于支配地位,是人们惯用的思考问题的方式。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003.

例句

1. 所有这些过程和思维方法都是形而上学思维的框子所容纳不下的。相反地,对辩证法来说,上述过程正好证明了它自己的方法是正确的,因为辩证法在考察事物及其在头脑中的反映时,本质上是从它们的联系、它们的连结、它们的运动、它们的产生和消失方面去考察的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:25

1. None of these processes and modes of thought enters into the framework of metaphysical reasoning. Dialectics, on the other hand, comprehends things and their representations, ideas, in their essential connection, concatenation, motion, origin, and ending. Such processes as those mentioned above are, therefore, so many corroborations of its own method of procedure. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 23.

2. 当然,自然界显然是处在永恒的运动中,可是这一运动总好象是同一过程的不断重复。康德在这个完全适合于形而上学思维方式的观念上打开了第一个缺口,而且用的是很科学的方法,以致他所使用的大多数论据,直到现在还有效。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:62

2. It is true that nature was obviously in constant motion, but this motion appeared as an incessant repetition of the same processes. Kant made the first breach in this conception, which corresponded exactly to the metaphysical mode of thought, and he did it in such a scientific way that most of the proofs furnished by him still hold good today. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 53.

3. 这位在思维方式上“排除主观上受限制的世界观”的任何倾向的哲学家,不仅在主观上被他的已经证实是极端贫乏的认识、被他的狭隘的形而上学思维方式和他的滑稽可笑的自高自大所限制,而且甚至被他本人的幼稚的奇奇怪怪的想法所限制。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973:158

3. The philosopher whose mode of thought “excludes” any tendency to a “subjectively limited conception of the world” proves to be subjectively limited not only by what has been shown to be his extremely defective knowledge, his narrowly construed metaphysical mode of thought and his grotesque conceit, but even by his childish personal crotchets. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 134.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
她的“新感受力”、“坎普”、“艺术色情学”无不是主体感性的产物,以突出的感性来对抗僵化的形而上学思维方式,对抗一成不变的结论和至高无上的理性。——《桑塔格文艺思想研究》,山东师范大学博士学位论文,2010
Her “New sensibility”, “Camp”, “Erotics of art” are just the products of the sensuous subjectivity, for their goals are to highlight the sensuousness to resist rigid metaphysical way of thinking, being against the immutable conclusions and supreme rationality.

例句 2:
形而上学是对存在的追问,但形而上学思维却有中西两大思想传统之别。其中,西方主流形而上学对存在的追问据于“二分法”思维传统,走的是“纵向超越”的路线。与之不同,中国形而上学属于“非二分法”思维,走的是“横向超越”之路。为了与西方传统的形而上学思维相区别,可以将中国的这种形而上学思维称之为现象性思维。中西方形而上学各自的问题意识不同,其借助语言来进行形而上学思维也有很大不同,即西方的形而上学思维工具是概念,而中国的形而上学思维工具是意象。——“形而上学的两种思想传统”,载于《社会科学》2016年02期
Metaphysics is search for being, but there are two forms of thoughts of traditional metaphysics thinking一the Chinese and the western style. Among them, the mainstream western metaphysics searches for being based on the tradition of dichotomy thinking, followed the route of vertical transcendence. In contrast, Chinese metaphysics belongs to the non-dichotomy thinking, followed the route of horizontal transcendence. To distinguish from western traditional metaphysics thinking, Chinese metaphysics thinking can be called "phenomenal thinking". The sense of questioning in metaphysics is different between Chinese and western, which also use different language as

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更新时间:2024/6/29 8:46:31