平、侧、断、吟【英】

Level; Side; Rest; and Chant

定义

敦煌佛教唱辞中的音曲符号。在近三十个卷号的敦煌写本中标有平、平侧、平诗、侧、吟、侧吟、诗、吟断、吟上下、古吟上下、断诗、断、经、经平、韵等符号。这些音符证明了呗赞音乐在唐代讲唱中的重要地位，既说明佛教偈赞的文学化，也表现了梵声歌唱向其他文学艺术领域的渗透。

These are music notation symbols from Dunhuang for singing Buddhist songs. In the nearly 30 volumes of Dunhuang manuscripts, symbols are found to indicate level (pitch), level side, level poem, side, chanting, side chanting, poem, chanting rest, chanting rising and falling, ancient chanting rising and falling, poem rest, rest, extending, level extending, and rhyme. These symbols prove that Buddhist chant had an important role in the music and songs of the Tang Dynasty. Not only did they suggest that literature entered into Buddhist praising hymns, but they also showed that Sanskrit songs were influencing other regions of literature and arts.