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字词 属性
释义

属性【英】

attribute; property; character

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:257.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990: 339.
[3] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 490.

定义

事物本身固有的性质、特点。例如,石油的可燃性、金属的导电性,等等,就是它的属性。属性是事物内部矛盾性质所决定的,是事物质的具体表现。物的属性决定物的用途,马克思指出:“每一种这样的物都是许多属性的总和,因此可以在不同的方面有用”(马克思等,1972:48)。物的有用性使物成为使用价值,马克思又指出:“但这种有用性不是悬在空中的。它决定于商品的属性,离开了商品体就不存在了”(马克思等,1972:48)。在事物的许多属性中,有一些属性是为该事物所独有的、体现该事物基本特征的东西,这类属性叫做本质属性,它是该事物的决定性的质,是该事物区别于他物的特点。相对地有所谓非本质属性,非本质属性虽然也是该事物的特征之一,是该事物的一个方面,但不体现该事物的基本特征,因此非本质属性的改变不表示该事物的质的改变。把握事物的质,就是正确区分本质属性和非本质属性,把握住本质属性,用不同的方法处理不同质的矛盾(卢之超,1993:764)。对于认识本质属性,毛泽东指出:“如果要直接地认识某种或某些事物,便只有亲身参加于变革现实、变革某种或某些事物的实践的斗争中,才能触到那种或那些事物的现象,也只有在亲身参加变革现实的实践的斗争中, 才能暴露那种或那些事物的本质而理解它们”(毛泽东,1991:287)。

定义来源

[1] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第二十三卷)[M].人民出版社,1972.
[2] 卢之超.马克思主义大辞典[Z].中国和平出版社,1993.
[3] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1991.

例句

1. 第四,推动能源体制革命,打通能源发展快车道。坚定不移推进改革,还原能源商品属性,构建有效竞争的市场结构和市场体系,形成主要由市场决定能源价格的机制,转变政府对能源的监管方式,建立健全能源法治体系。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:131

1. Fourth, we must revolutionize the energy market. We will proceed with reform, restore energy’s status as a commodity, build a system of workable competition, and put in place a mechanism in which energy prices are largely driven by the market. In addition, we will change the way that the government supervises the energy industry, and establish and improve the legal framework for energy development. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 144.

2. 这种神秘的性质,把各种的财富生产上的各种物质要素作为担负物的社会关系,转化为物品本身的属性(商品),并且还更加显著地把生产关系本身也转化为一个物品(货币)。一切有商品生产和货币流通的社会形态,都不免有这种颠倒。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:619

2. In the case of the simplest categories of the capitalist mode of production, and even of commodity-production, in the case of commodities and money, we have already pointed out the mystifying character that transforms the social relations, for which the material elements of wealth serve as bearers in production, into properties of these things themselves (commodities) and still more pronouncedly transforms the production relation itself into a thing (money). All forms of society, in so far as they reach the stage of commodity-production and money circulation, take part in this perversion. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 490.

3. 马克思最细致的分析之一就是揭示劳动的二重性的分析。作为使用价值的创造者的劳动是与作为价值的创造者的劳动不同的特殊性质的劳动。一种是特定种类的劳动,如纺纱、织布、耕地等;另一种是人的生产活动的共同属性,是纺纱、织布、耕地等等所共有的、可以用一个共同的名词“劳动”把这一切包括进去的属性。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十一卷)》,1965:273

3. One of the finest researches of Marx is that revealing the duplex character of labour. Labour, considered as a producer of use-value, is of a different character, has different qualifications from the same labour, when considered as a producer of value. The one is labour of a specified kind, spinning, weaving, ploughing, etc.; the other is the general character of human productive activity, common to spinning, weaving, ploughing, etc. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26), 1990: 339.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
从 20 世纪 60 年代起,学界对属性词的研究就层出不穷。但是,由于属性词内部成员很活跃,容易发生功能游移,且不断有新的属性词出现,也有旧的属性词在词性上发生变化,大家对属性词的认识和收录一直未能统一。——《属性词研究》,四川师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
From twentieth Century 60 years, research on the attributive words in academic circles emerge in an endless stream. However, due to the properties of word internal members are very active, prone to functional shift, continuous attribute words new appearance, also has the attribute words old change, in the part of speech, so, you know about attribute words and included has not unified.

例句 2:
根据模拟研究和实证研究结果,本文提出的无监督式属性标定方法,它是一种探索性方法,对探索项目属性(从无到有)有一定的应用价值;而有监督式属性标定方法对认知诊断评估中低成本扩张 CD-CAT 题库(从少到多)、纸笔测验下属性标定或验证有一定的应用价值。本文研究仅局限于DINA模型,但是,这些属性辅助标定可用于属性机制为连接的非补偿型的项目属性标定。—— 《认知诊断评估中项目属性辅助标定方法研究》,江西师范大学博士学位论文,2012
Through simulation study and real data analysis, thus, we conclude that the FCA method has been used successfully as an exploratory analysis method in application of attributes identification, and on-line attributes identification methods are essential for item replenishing of item bank or Q matrix validation for existing test. However, the DINA model is only in our consideration. These methods can be directly used with common conjunctive noncompensatory diagnostic models.

例句 3:
这些导致人们缺少创新性思维,难以认清惩罚性损害赔偿制度的真正法律属性。——《惩罚性损害赔偿制度研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2004
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