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字词 客观存在
释义

客观存在【英】

objective existence; objective entity

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 99, 209.
[2] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 110.

定义

在本体论领域,按照马克思主义哲学的观点,“客观存在”是指在人的意识之外、不依赖于人的意识而独立存在着的客观事物。对本体论范围内的“客观存在”,马克思主义哲学是用物质范畴加以概括的。列宁指出:“物质是标志客观实在的哲学范畴,这种客观实在是人通过感觉感知的,它不依赖于我们的感觉而存在,为我们的感觉所复写、摄影、反映”(中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,1995:128)。根据列宁的物质的定义,客观实在的内涵即不依赖于人的意识并能为人的意识所反映的范畴。其外延是指除意识以外万事万物的总和即包括自然现象又包括社会现象。与之相对立的意识范畴则是人脑对客观存在的反映。在本体论领域,作为客观存在的只能是物质现象。辩证唯物主义“自然界是客观存在的”、“社会存在与发展是客观的”、“人们周围的世界是客观存在的”这样一些观点,就是在本体论意义上使用“客观存在”这一命题的。客观存在是不等于客观实在的,其区别可以概括为客观实在是不依赖于人们的意识而存在的。客观存在的“客观”是相对于“我的”的主观而言,是相对的、多变的。客观实在的客观是针对人们的主观而言,是绝对不会变的。作为对客观存在的反映的主观意识现象,无论是人类意识的整体,还是单个人的思想、观念,都不是“客观存在”本身(欧明华,2011:97-98)。

定义来源

[1] 中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.列宁选集(第二卷)[C].人民出版社,1995.
[2] 欧明华.辩证地理解“客观存在”这个命题[J].理论界,2011(4).

例句

1. 从传统本体论的角度看,如果没有事物的类属与具体差别性的客观存在,就不可能出现人对自然对象的意识;而从认识论的意义上看,如果没有我们对事物具体种差的经验直观认识,也就不可能先验地获得经验背后的理性观念(事物类属的反映)。黑格尔颠倒了这种正常的现实关系和认知关系,他错误地将人的认识进程本体化为世界的客观进程,错误地将人类的主观认知结构硬化为世界的本质和规律(逻辑)。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:275

1. From the perspective of traditional ontology, if there is no categorization of things or particular, differentiated objective existence, then man cannot be conscious of natural objects. From the perspective of epistemology, if there is no empirical, perceptual understanding of the concrete categories of things, then we cannot grasp, a priori, the rational idea (the reflection of the categories of things) behind experience. Hegel reversed the normal, real, and cognitive relationships, incorrectly noumenizing the progression of man’s understanding into the objective progression of the world, incorrectly foisting mankind’s subjective cognitive structure into the essence and laws (logic) of the world. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 209.

2. 这也就是说,他反对唯心主义,反对将精神变成一种自在的自足的总体,拒绝精神的同一性强制,揭露它对现实的依存性。但是,承认精神依赖于存在,并不是要倒过来将人所面对的客观存在也变成自在自足的物质实体,倒退为同样建构抽象同一性总体逻辑的哲学唯物主义。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:71-72

2. In other words, although he is against idealism, against the idea of viewing spirit as a self-obtained tota1ity and the domination of spiritua1 identity, and aiming to expose its dependence on Being, he does not mean to tum the objective entity man confronts into a self-contained material entity in reverse, and to return back to construct the same abstract identity and totality logic of materialist philosophy. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 110.

3. 一方面,人在交换中物化为一种“实用唯我主义”在市场中偶然相遇,他们看不见自己行为的普遍的社会向度,即那个客观存在于交换中的“真实的抽象”,于是另一方面,这个实际上形成于社会向度中的抽象,就以被视而不见的压抑方式转化为一种离开社会活动的普遍理性(universal reason)而这个面对自然时所出现的“‘纯粹理性’的范畴网络便是自然科学的概念框架”。这是意识本身的分裂,而这一切却是以主体的无知为前提的。——《文本的深度耕梨:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:365

3. In exchange, man is materialized as a “pragmatic, solipsistic encounter” in the market. He sees no universal social dimension of his own act, in particular, the “real abstraction” existent in exchange; on the other hand, the abstraction originated from social dimension is transformed into the universal reason separated from social activities by an ignoring, repressive mode, while the whole network of categories of pure reason that emerges in face of nature is the conceptual framework of natural science. This is the split of the conscious, which is completely preconditioned by the ignorance of the subject. -Quoted from Back to Marx: A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 472.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文作者试图从人和自然的地位比较中为我们的生存和发展寻找一个准确的价值定位,承认自然价值的客观存在,同时确立人的价值高于自然价值。——《罗尔斯顿自然价值思想研究》,首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2009
The author tries to compare the status of humans and nature, in order to look for an accurate value positioning for our survival and development from the comparison, recognizes the objective existence of the natural value and establishes that the people’s value is higher than the natural value at the same time.

例句 2:
普世价值的客观存在是不可否认的,其存在具有共识性、全球性、自发性、时代性和原则性等主要特点。——“普世价值的客观存在及现实意义”载于《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2008年第2期
The objective existence of universal value is incontestable; it is commonly viewed, global, spontaneous, contemporary and principled.

例句 3:
语言表达思想,思想反映客观存在。读书听讲,学的是思想,目的是了解和把握客观存在,用它来指导实践。书本、思想、客观存在的这种关系给我们读书学习提供了有益的启示。——“从文字、思想、客观存在的关系看读书学习”,载于《黑龙江教育学院学报》2012年第8期
Language expresses thought, thought reflects objective existence. By reading books and listening, we learn the thought in order to understand and master objective existence and guide practice by objective existence. The relation among book, thought and objective existence provides beneficial inspiration for us to study by reading.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 6:14:20