字词 | 原始资本主义积累 |
释义 | 原始资本主义积累【英】primitive accumulation of capital; primitive capitalist accumulation译文来源[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 120. 定义原始资本积累是在卡尔∙马克思(Karl Marx)的《资本论》和《政治经济学批判纲要》中发展出来的一个概念,用以表明产生不断前进中的资本积累的先决条件的过程。这些先决条件的性质是从资本的概念中派生的,资本是理解为把货币投资于购买生产资料和劳动力(工人劳动的能力)、它们反过来又生产出体现剩余价值的商品的过程。资本因此预先假定用于积累的货币积聚,劳动力作为被剥夺生产资料所有权的劳动者的财产,市场就是能够出售商品的地方。原始积累因此必须比亚当∙斯密(Adam Smith)的概念包括的更多,不管斯密的资本是否包括货币、生产资料和生活资料。斯密的概念是“资本的积累,按事情的性质,必须在分工之前”。这个概念忽视无产阶级的必要性,无产阶级的必要性可以用殖民地的殖民者来说明,他们有的是财富,但是没有资本,因为只要土地容易获得就排除了出现劳动市场的可能性。 定义来源伊特韦尔,约翰,米尔盖特,默里,纽曼,彼得.新帕尔格雷夫经济学大辞典(第三卷:K—P)[Z]. 经济科学出版社,1996. 例句1. “这一历史概述《所谓英国原始资本积累的产生》,在马克思的书中比较起来还算是最好的,如果它除了拄学术的拐杖之外不再拄辩证法的拐杖,或许还要好些。由于缺乏较好的和较明白的方法,黑格尔的否定的否定不得不在这里执行助产婆的职务,因它之助,未来便从过去的怀中产生出来。从十六世纪以来通过上述方法实现的个人所有制的消灭,是第一个否定。随之而来的是第二个否定,它被称为否定的否定,因而被称为‘个人所有制’的恢复,但这已经是以土地和劳动资料的公有为基础的高级形式了。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十卷)》,1973: 142 1. "This historical sketch" (of the genesis of the so-called primitive accumulation of capital in England) "is relatively the best part of Marx's book, and would be even better if it had not relied on the dialectical crutch to help out its scholarly crutch. The Hegelian negation of the negation, in default of anything better and clearer, has in fact to serve here as the midwife to deliver the future from the womb of the past. The abolition of 'individual property', which since the sixteenth century has been effected in the way indicated above, is the first negation. It will be followed by a second, which bears the character of a negation of the negation and hence of a restoration of 'individual property', but in a higher form, based on the common ownership of land and of the instruments of labour. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 120. 2. 既然不发达的工业部门不能提供必要的资金,国家便不得不向农民榨取,正如资本主义原始积累向各种非资本主义成分榨取资金一样。因此“剪刀差”危机不仅被热情地接受,还通过国家干预而持续下去了。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:123 2. The underdeveloped industrial sector could not provide the necessary capital: the state would have to extract it from the peasantry, just as primitive capitalist accumulation had extracted it from non-capitalist sectors. The scissors crisis was thus to be welcomed and perpetuated by state intervention. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 132. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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