劳度叉斗圣变鼓【英】

Raudraksa’s Battle with Sariputra Drum

定义

木框蒙皮、桶型，因用于“劳度叉斗圣变”中而得此名。劳度叉斗圣变是敦煌壁画经变画之一，图中表现了舍利弗与劳度叉变法术的宏伟场面，舍利弗与劳度叉分坐两侧，遥相对望，进行变法，通过毒龙与舍翅鸟、水牛与雄狮、仙山与金刚力士、宝地与大象、恶鬼与毗沙天王、大树与风神等情节的斗法，最后，舍利弗胜利，劳度叉失败，并饭依了佛门。为给各方增加信心，舍利弗一方以敲钟方式助兴、增威，劳度叉一方以击鼓方式助兴、增威。我们看见一长者左手和左腿挟住鼓身，右手持褪猛击鼓，声音宏亮，欲震山河。也有将鼓挂在鼓架上演奏的。凡是劳度叉斗圣变’夕壁画中均有此鼓，如12窟(晚唐)就有此鼓图像。

This wood barrel-shaped drum gets its name because it appears in the picture of Raudraksa’s Battle with Sariputra. This picture is one of the sutra pictures in the Dunhuang Grottoes and depicts the scene of the magic arts fighting between Sariputra and Raudraksa. They sit face to face and fight with the images of a poisonous dragon against Garula (the bird king), a buffalo against a lion, Fairy Mountain against Nryana, treasured land against an elephant, an evil spirit against Vaiśravaṇa, and giant trees against the God of wind, etc. In the end, Sariputra wins the battle, Raudraksa fails and converts to Buddhism. To encourage the two fighters, the supporters of Sariputra ring bells and the supporters of Raudraksa beat drums. There is an elderly musician holding the drum with his left hand and left leg, and beating with “Tui” in his right hand. The sound is so loud and clear as if it will spread across the whole country. Some drums are put on stands. This kind of drum is found in all Raudraksa’s Battle with Sariputra pictures. An example is in the picture in Cave No.12 (the Late Tang Dynasty).