| 自 | 1210C50 91.41 | 部居  | 畫數 6 | ㄗˋ [zi4] | ||
| N. & Pron. | Also used as adv. (as in self-), self, oneself: 自己 [zi4ji3]↓; 自箇 oneself; 自身 [zi4shen1]↓; 自（己）個兒 (all by) oneself; 自家 ditto; 自家人，自己人（兒） one's own people, kith and kin; 自己勁兒 intimacy between friends; 獨自 all alone, by oneself; 自己園兒 what’s produced in one's own home; 自顧自 (be) selfish, self-regard(ing); 自寬 to comfort oneself; 自況 compare oneself to another; 自比 ditto; 自好 self-respect(ing); 自備 provide s.t. oneself; 自奉 spend on oneself (in food, clothing, etc.); 自費 at one's own cost (expense); 自暴自棄 give up hope in oneself, lose self-confidence (self-respect), self-degradation; 自甘墮落 ditto; 自私自利 (act) selfish(ly), self-seeking, egoistic; 自欺欺人 self-deceit (-deception), try to deceive others only to end in deceiving oneself; 自怨自艾 be contrite and reform oneself, regret one's past mistakes and try to do better in the future; 自鳴得意 be puffed up with pride, be self-satisfied; 自鳴清高 imagine oneself to be superior to others; 自本自立 depend on one's own resources and ability; 自命不凡 think of oneself as a superior being; 自誇 blow one’s own trumpet, sing one's own praises; 自矜 ditto; 自任 take upon oneself; 自待 treat oneself to; 自持 assume a superior air, (exercise) self-control: 不能自持 cannot control one's passion; 以…自居 pretend to be…; 自謙 to humble oneself, be modest (humble); 自餒 have one’s heart in one's boots, be greatly discouraged; 自掘墳墓 to dig one's own grave. | |||||
| Adj. & adv. | (1) Personal(ly), done by (to, for) oneself: 親自 do s.t. oneself; 自理 pay personal attention to, (of expenses) pay out of one's own pocket; 自行解決 settle a dispute by the parties concerned themselves or by oneself; 自決 self-determination; 自述（自陳） make a personal statement (explanation); 自問 ask oneself; 自反 self-examination; 自便 do as one pleases; 自專 arbitrarily decide to do this or that; 自肥 enrich oneself by unlawful means; 自薦 introduce oneself: 毛遂自薦 allu. to the story of Mao Sui who volunteered to serve as an emissary to the Kingdom of Chu; 自衒 brag about oneself, show off, be vainglorious; 自媒 (of a woman) marry a man without the help of a go-between; 自我介紹 introduce oneself to s.o.; 自伐 [zi4fa1]1↓; 自戕 self-destruction, do things harmful to oneself; 自宮 castrate oneself; 自殺 [zi4sha1]↓; 自盡 (commit) suicide; 自裁 ditto; 自縊 [zi4yi4]↓; 自經 kill oneself; 自剄，自刎 cut one's own throat; 自分必死 know oneself to be doomed; 自傷 hurt (cut, injure, grieve for) oneself; 自棄 despair of oneself; 自訟 [zi4song4]↓; 自責 blame oneself; 自誤 it’s all one's own fault; 何以自處 what shall one do (to extricate oneself from a predicament)? 自制 self-control, -discipline; 自首 [zi4shou3]↓; 自苦 deny oneself all the good things of life, bring trouble on one's own head: 何自苦乃爾 why should you be so hard on yourself? 自討苦吃 do s.t. which will only cause trouble to oneself; 自作自受 suffer the consequences of one's own action; 自作孽 sow the seeds of one's own ruin; 自討沒趣 invite ridicule (dislike, rebuff), make oneself unwelcome; 自遠遠人 to hold yourself aloof will only end in making others turn away from you; 自我陶醉 indulge in self-delusion as an escape from reality; 自我檢討 self-examination; 自救救人 do s.t. that will save both oneself and others; 自成一家 develop one's own style of writing (painting, calligraphy), found a new school of thought; 自我作古 do what others have never done before; 自出機杼 strike out a new path for oneself, originate an idea (method, fashion); 自作聰明 act on the strength of one's own imagined cleverness; 自告奮勇 volunteer one's services; 自投羅網 fall into a trap set for oneself by another; 自相矛盾 self-contradictory; 自相殘殺 mutual annihilation, internecine; fight; 自相衝突 mutually conflicting; 自圓其說 give a satisfactory explanation of what one has said or done; self-justification: 不能自圓其說 unable to do that; 自顧不暇 unable even to fend for oneself; 自打嘴巴 contradict oneself (“slap one's own face”); 自言自語 murmur (talk) to oneself, keep on chattering though no one is listening, make unilateral declaration; 自瞞自欺 deceive oneself; 自遣 to solace oneself; 自娛 amuse oneself; 自飲（斟）自酌 enjoy a cup of wine all by oneself; 自得其樂 take delight in doing s.t. as a pleasurable occupation; 自奉 provide the necessities of life for oneself: 自奉甚薄 live very simply; 自給自足 self-sufficient, -cy; 自效 offer one's services to help; 自食其力 earn one's own living. (2) Natural(ly), spontaneous(ly): 自然 [zi4ran2]↓; 自然而然 come very naturally; 自當（悔改） will willingly (repent, mend one's ways); 自應 will of course…. | |||||
| Prep. | From, since: 自上而下 from top to bottom, come from above; 自今（而後） from now on; 自今天（年）起 beginning from today (this year); 自古以來 from time immemorial; 自天而降 descend from heaven, come from nowhere; 有朋自遠方來 have a friend coming from afar; 自從 [zi4cong2]↓; 自打 [zi4da3]↓; 自茲 from this point on; 自後 [zi4hou4]↓; 自此 [zi4ci3]↓; 自淺入深 (of studies) advance step by step (“from the shallow to the deep”); 來自何處 where have you (they, has he, it) come from? | |||||
| Words | 1. 自愛 [zi4ai4], n. & adj., self-respect(ing). 2. 自卑感 [zi4bei1gan3], n., inferiority complex. 3. 自白 [zi4bo2], v.i. & n., (make) a deposition or personal statement, clear oneself of all suspicion. 4. 自稱 [zi4cheng1], v.t., to call oneself…. 5. 自乘 [zi4cheng2], v.i., (math.) multiply a number by itself. 6. 自強 [zi4qiang2], v.i., (of a person or nation) make earnest efforts to stand on one's own feet. 7. 自取 [zi4qU3], v.i., bring on oneself (punishment, etc.): 自取其辱 bring disgrace on one's own head. 8. 自打 [zi4da3], prep., since, from: 自打昨天就沒來 has (have) not come since yesterday. 9. 自大 [zi4da4], v.i., assume a superior air, look down upon all others, be self-assertive. 10. 自得 [zi4de2], adj., (1) self-satisfied: 意氣揚揚，甚自得也 proud and pleased with oneself; (2) be at peace with oneself, feeling perfectly happy: 俯仰自得 be contented and happy wherever one may be; 君子無入而不自得焉 a superior man is at peace with himself under any and every circumstance. 11. 自動 [zi4dong4], adj. & adv., (1) voluntary, -ily; adj. & adv., (2) automatic, -ally: 自動電話 [zi4dong4dian4hua4], n., telephone by dialing. 12. 自多 [zi4duo1], v.i. & adj., (be) self-satisfied or self-conceited. 13. 自伐 [zi4fa1]1 ([zi4fa2]), v.i., (1) do harm to oneself: 國必自伐而後人伐之 a country must destroy or weaken itself before others could destroy it, humiliate it; (2) be puffed up with pride: 不敢自伐 dare not be proud of oneself. 14. 自發 [zi4fa1]2, (1) v.i., (of persons) do s.t. on one's own initiative, (of things) to start by itself; (2) adj., self-moving. 15. 自封 [zi4feng1], v.i., isolate oneself: 故步自封 unwilling to move forward. 16. 自負 [zi4fu4], v.i., think highly of oneself. 17. 自耕農 [zi4geng1nong2], n., an owner-farmer. 18. 自豪 [zi4hao2], adj., to be proud of. 19. 自後 [zi4hou4], adv., thereafter, from then on, ever since. 20. 自解 [zi4jie3], v.i., (1) satisfy one's own conscience, rationalize; (2) extricate oneself from a bad fix. 21. 自己 [zi4ji3], (1) n., one's self; (2) close friends or relatives: 都是自己人，何必客氣 we are close relatives or friends, why stand on ceremony? (3) ([zi4ji0]) adj., intimate: 彼此不拘束 we are so intimate, please just make yourselves at home. 22. 自轉 [zi4zhuan3], n. & v.i., (astron.) rotate, -ation. 23. 自傳 [zi4zhuan4], n., autobiography. 24. 自助 [zi4zhu4], n., self-help: 自助之人 one who depends upon himself; 自助餐 cafeteria, (self-service) buffet. 25. 自重 [zi4zhong4], v.i., hold oneself with dignity, refrain from committing nuisance. 26. 自主 [zi4zhu3], v.i. & adj. & n., (be) independent, -ce, be one's own master. 27. 自治 [zi4zhi4], n. & adj., self-government, -ing: 自治領 (political science) a dominion, esp. of the British Commonwealth of Nations. 28. 自絕 [zi4jUe2]1, v.i., (1) become extinct; (2) invite one's own destruction, invite public contempt. 29. 自覺 [zi4jUe2]2, v.i. & adj. & n., (be) self-conscious, -ness; realize oneself. 30. 自決 [zi4jUe2]3, v.i., self-determine: n., 民族自決 national self-determination. 31. 自來 [zi4lai2], adv., from the very beginning: 自來白 a small moon-cake, esp. for the Mid-Autumn Festival (so-called from its white crust); 自來紅 ditto (so-called from its reddish-brown crust); 自來火 (a) matches; (b) a gas lamp; 自來水（兒） tap water, water supply; adv.,自來水筆 a fountain pen. 32. 自了 [zi4liao3], v.i., deal with a situation by oneself; 自了漢 a self-centered person. 33. 自量 [zi4liang4], v.i., know one’s own limits: 不知自量 undertake what is beyond one's power. 34. 自力 [zi4li4]1, v.i., do s.t. by one’s own effort: 自力更生 rely on oneself, take fate in one's own hands. 35. 自立 [zi4li4]2, v.i. & adj., (be) independent (cf. 獨立 91C.50). 36. 自律 [zi4lU4], v.i. & n., (exercise) self-control (self-discipline). 37. 自鳴鐘 [zi4ming2zhong1], n., (old term for) a clock that strikes every quarter, half or full hour. 38. 自然 [zi4ran2], adj. & adv., (1) natural(ly), spontaneous(ly), free(ly); by itself: 到時自然明白 when the time comes you will naturally understand; (2) of course, doubtless: 他唱的自然不好，你也不見強 of course he can’t sing very well, but you're not much better; (3) ([zi4ran0]) unconstrained, free from compulsion, flexible; adj. & adv., (4) n., nature: 接近自然 live close to nature; adj. & adv., 大自然 the great universe; 欣賞自然 enjoy nature; 征服自然 conquer nature; adj. & adv., (5) adj., pertaining to nature: 自然哲學 natural philosophy; adj. & adv., 自然界 the world of nature, Nature; 自然科學 the natural sciences; 自然力 natural forces (wind or water power); 自然美 the beauties of nature; 自然人 (law) a natural person (opp. 法人 legal person); 自然現象 natural phenomena, the phenomena of nature. 39. 自恁 [zi4ren4], adv., (MC) freely (＝儘管): 自恁請你陪我來坐坐 please feel free to come and have a chat. 40. 自若 [zi4ruo4], adj., self-composed, serene, unruffled. 41. 自如 [zi4ru2], adj., ditto. 42. 自殺 [zi4sha1], n. & v.i., (commit) suicide. 43. 自傷 [zi4shang1], v.i., (1) hurt oneself; (2) feel sorry for oneself. 44. 自身 [zi4shen1], (1) n., (one's) self; (2) pron., oneself. 45. 自信 [zi4xin4], v.i. & n., self-confidence: 不敢自信 dare not trust my own opinion, etc. 46. 自性 [zi4xing4], n., (Budd.) one's original nature. 47. 自省 [zi4xing3], v.i. & n., introspect; self-examination, introspection. 48. 自新 [zi4xin1], v.i., make a fresh start in life, cut off one's bad habits. 49. 自修 [zi4xiu1], v.i., (1) review one's lessons; (2) to study by oneself without the benefit of teachers; (3) cultivate oneself, make oneself a better man. 50. 自行車（兒） [zi4xing2che1]([er0]), n., a bicycle. 51. 自首 [zi4shou3], v.i., (of criminals) surrender oneself to the police. 52. 自失 [zi4shi1], v.i., be at a loss as to what to do. 53. 自是 [zi4shi4], v.i. & adj. & adv., (1) (be) self-conceited; (2) henceforth, from then on. 54. 自序 [zi4xU4], n., (1) an author's autobiographical sketch; (2) preface to one's book. 55. 自敘式 [zi4xU4shi4], n., (a novel of) the autobiographical type. 56. 自許 [zi4xU3], v.i., set a goal for oneself; permit nothing else but…. 57. 自訴 [zi4su4], v.i., file a lawsuit against s.o. 58. 自訟 [zi4song4], v.i., blame oneself. 59. 自私 [zi4si1], adj., selfish, egoistic. 60. 自從 [zi4cong2], adv., ever since (that time). 61. 自此 [zi4ci3], adv., from now on, from that time on. 62. 自贊 [zi4zan4], v.i., (1) sing one's own praises; (2) introduce oneself. 63. 自在 [zi4zai4], adj., (1) able to do anything of one's own free will; (2) (also [zi4zai0]) carefree, without the least worry; (3) ([zi4zai0]) comfortable, pleasant; (4) (Budd.) (of the mind) free of delusion. 64. 自尊 [zi4zun1], n., self-respect; 自尊心 ditto. 65. 自足 [zi4zu2], adj., (1) self-sufficient; (2) self-satisfied. 66. 自衛 [zi4wei4], n., self-defense. 67. 自我 [zi4wo3], n., one's self, the ego: 自我陶醉 imagine oneself to be better than one really is; 自我宣傳（揚） blow one's own trumpet. 68. 自縊 [zi4yi4], v.i., commit suicide by hanging. 69. 自由 [zi4you2], (1) v.i., be free to act without restraint; (2) adj., free from control or outside interference: 自由人 a freeman (opp. 奴隸 a slave): 自由國家（人民） free nations (peoples); (3) n., liberty, freedom: 思想自由，言論自由，出版自由，信仰自由，集會結社自由 freedom of thought, speech, the press, belief, assembly and association; n., 公海自由 (international law) freedom of the seas; 自由主義（者） liberalism (a liberal); 自由黨 (Eng. history) the Liberal Party; 自由神像 Statue of Liberty; 自由港 a free port; 自由畫 freehand drawing; 自由教育 a liberal education; 自由競爭 free competition, system of free enterprise; 自由職業 the liberal professions; n.,自由戀愛 free love; n., 自由貿易 (econmics) free trade, freedom of trade; 自由日 Freedom Day (allu. to the release of prisoners of war by South Korea on January 23, 1954); 自由詩 free verse; 自由世界 the free world; 自由意志 free will. 70. 自用 [zi4yong4], adj., self-willed to the point of foolishness: 愚而好自用 enterprising but ignorant, (person) ignorant without knowing it. | |||||