| 而 | 466B50 31.42 | 部居  | 畫數 6 | ㄦˊ [er2] | ||
| Fin. part. | (AC) 已而已去 this is the end (“finished, all finished”), also 乎而. | |||||
| Pron. | (AC, rare) you, your (related 汝，女). | |||||
| Conj. | (1) And: 聞善而不善 (AC) heard of anything good and bad; connecting oft. two vbb.: 學而時習之 to learn and review it from time to time; or two adjj.: 恭而有禮 modest and courteous; connecting an adv. with vb.: 呱呱而泣 wail and cry; and yet, oft. reinforcing advv. like 況，竟，乃：而況 how much more then; 而竟，而乃 and contrary to reason or expectations; coupled with negative 不, meaning “and yet,” “but”: 富而不驕 rich and yet not conceited; 群而不黨 is sociable, but not clannish. (2) 而且 Furthermore, besides. (3) Having the force of 之 “of”: 君子恥其言而過其行 a gentleman is ashamed of his words being more pretentious than his conduct. | |||||
| Prep. | From…on, up, down, etc.: 三十而上(＝以上) from thirty up; 三十而下 below thirty; 而今以後 from now on. | |||||
| Words | 1. 而且 [er2qie3], adv., besides, furthermore. 2. 而何 [er2he2], adv., (AC)＝如何 how. 3. 而後 [er2hou4], adv. conj., (1) and then: 言而後退 speak and then retire; (2) hence forth, thenceforth. 4. 而竟 [er2jing4], adv., contrary to rule or expectations (left without saying good-bye); actually, so indeed, at last. 5. 而今 [er2jin1], adv., now, now then. 6. 而況 [er2kuang4], adv., besides, furthermore. 7. 而來 [er2lai2], adv., (AC) since: 由孔子而來（＝以來），至今百有餘歲 it is now over hundred years since Confucius. 8. 而立 [er2li4], adj., (LL) 而立之年 thirty years of age (allu. Confucius learned to stand firm at thirty). 9. 而上 [er2shang4], adv., upwards (＝以上). 10. 而下 [er2xia4], adv., from…down (＝以下). 11. 而已 [er2yi3], adv., only (after modified wd. or phr.): 三十而已 only thirty; 而已矣 emphatic form of 而已. | |||||