| 難 | 298B45 20S.11-9 | 部居  | 畫數 19 | ㄋㄢˊ [nan2] (*ㄋㄢˋ [nan4] ). | ||
| N. | (*[nan4]) Calamity, disaster, difficulty, hindrance, impediment: 國難 national crisis; 大難不死 escape from death in a great catastrophe; 災難 natural disaster; 患難（之交） (friends in) adversity; 遇難 die a tragic death; 逃難 take refuge in a safe place; 冒險犯難 run risks to overcome obstacles; 克難 overcome difficulties; 難民 [nan4min2]↓; 難胞 [nan4bao1]↓; 臨難 on the verge of death, at the most critical moment; 落難 fallen upon evil days, in dire circumstances. | |||||
| V.t. | (*[nan4]) (1) Make difficult, confront with obstacles: 難住了 be confounded, stymied in argument; 難不住 cannot confound by argument. (2) To ask, discuss, rebuke: 問難 have discussion with (s.o.) on doubtful points; 責難 to rebuke, find fault with. | |||||
| Adj. | Not easy, hard, difficult: 難以 [nan2yi3]↓; 難乎為繼 difficult to follow up brilliant example of predecessor; 艱難 hard to do, hard up, difficult; 困難 ([kun4nan0]) difficult, -ty (of work, questions, etc.); 難上加難 doubly difficult; 難能可貴 (of things or actions) exceptionably commendable; 難兄難弟 (of brothers) equally brilliant or talented; 難纏 hard to get along with; 難產 [nan2chan3]↓; 難處 [nan2chu3]↓; 難說話兒 difficult to talk with or deal with; 難題 [nan2ti2]↓; 難關 [nan2guan1]↓; 難事 a difficult matter or job; 難字 an unfamiliar word; 難色 reluctant looks; 面有難色 appear to be reluctant; difficult to: 難買難賣 a hard bargain; 難懂 hard to understand; 難明 hard to be cleat about; 難容 hard to put up with, inexcusable. | |||||
| Adv. | (1) Scarcely, hardly, oft. with negative sense: 難免 hardly escape=cannot escape, see 難免 [nan2mian3]↓; 難堪 [nan2kan1]↓; 難怪 little wonder that; 難得 [nan2de2], 難保 [nan2bao3]↓; 難憑 undependable; 空口難憑 oral promise is not enough; 難忍 unbearable; 難耐 difficult to endure; 難受 [nan2shou4]↓; 難說 difficult to say, also “you don't mean to say”; 難道 [nan2dao4]↓. (2) [nan2]+vbb. forming adjj., meaning “bad”: 難聽，難看，難吃，難聞 not good to hear, look at, eat, smell, see [nan2ting1], [nan2kan4], [nan2chi1], [nan2wen2]↓. | |||||
| Words | 1. 難保 [nan2bao3], v.i., difficult to ensure (success) or to say for sure: 難保他不透漏秘密 difficult to guarantee that he will not leak out the secret. 2. 難胞 *[nan4bao1], n., fellow citizen(s) in distress, (euphem.) refugees. 3. 難產 [nan2chan3], n., (of childbirth) difficult labor. 4. 難處 [nan2chu3], (1) adj., difficult to deal with, or get along with; (2) ([nan2chu0]) n., difficulties; (3) (*[nan4chu0]) disaster, predicament: 大家都在難處 everybody is in an awkward predicament. 5. 難吃 [nan2chi1], adj., unpalatable (food). 6. 難道 [nan2dao4], v.i., could be, used in rhetorical questions: 難道說 could it be said that…? you don't mean to say; 難道是 could it possibly be that…? 7. 難得 [nan2de2], adj., phr., hard to get, hard to meet with or come by, rare, exceptionally fine: 這個人很難得 (praise) difficult to find one like him or to replace him. 8. 難關 [nan2guan1], n., a critical situation, crisis: 過 or 度過難關 pass through crisis. 9. 難過 [nan2guo4], adj., (1) uncomfortable: 肚子有點難過 feeling somewhat uncomfortable in the stomach; (2) in straitened circumstances: 日子難過 being in desperate straits, hard up; (3) distressed: 心裡很難過 feeling very uncomfortable, very sorry. 10. 難看 [nan2kan4], adj., ugly, disgraceful-looking (appearance). 11. 難堪 [nan2kan1], adj., unbearable: 令人難堪 embarrassing to people. 12. 難免 [nan2mian3], v.i., cannot help: 難免失望 could not help feeling disappointed. 13. 難民 *[nan4min2], n., refugees. 14. 難受 [nan2shou4], adj., (1) unbearable: (2) distressed, anguished. 15. 難聽 [nan2ting1], adj., unpleasant (music, sound); embarrassing (remark), repulsive (words). 16. 難題 [nan2ti2] (*[nan4ti2]), n., a difficult topic to write on, a hard nut to crack; a difficult problem. 17. 難為 [nan2wei0], v.t., (1) make it difficult for (s.o.), embarrass: 你別再難為他了 don't you ever embarrass him again; (2) thank (s.o.) for any trouble: 難為你跑了大半天替我拿來 thank you so much for spending so much time to bring it to me; 難為了你 thank you so much for the trouble; (3) express sympathy to (s.o.) for anything unfortunate: 難為你受了這許多誤解 it is hard on you to have been so much misunderstood; v.t., (4) v.i., express appreciation: 這麼冷天，難為你想著來 you have been so good to think of coming in such cold weather. 18. 難為情 [nan2wei2qing2], v.i., be shy: 他怕難為情不敢開口 he is too shy to speak out. 19. 難聞 [nan2wen2], adj., ill-smelling, stinking. 20. 難以 [nan2yi3], adj., hard to, not easy to: 難以相信 unbelievable (lit., difficult to believe); adj., 難以決定 hard to decide; 難以出口 too embarrassing to say it. | |||||